Aerial Photography & Photogrammetry

Lecture 1

Introduction:
Elements of photographic systems
 Grading
1. Homework's : 5%
2. Mid Exam 1,2 : 25%
3. Quiz : 5%
4. Attendance : 5%
• End over (sum of above)= 40%
• Final – (Electronic Exam = 42% + Electronic
Report = 42%
• Total: End over + Final = 100%
• Project: Extra Credits you can earn up to 50%
end over.
• Class participation will help your grade!
Student Civility
• In an effort to make this class enjoyable
for everybody…
– Please be on time to class!
– Please do not talk to your friends and
neighbors in class! It disturbs everyone,
and makes it hard to concentrate. If you
have a question, just ask me!
– Please turn your pagers and cell-phones
off!
Course Text Book

AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY
AND IMAGE
INTERPRETATION
by
David P. Paine and James
D. Kiser ,
3rd ed.
Copyright © 2012 John
Wiley & Sons, Inc
Course Reference Book
Elements of
Photogrammetry with
Applications in GIS
by
Paul R. Wolf, Bon A. Dewitt,
Benjamin E. Wilkinson,
4th Edition
© McGraw-Hill
Education
@2014
Course Reference Book
Photogrammetric
Computer Vision
Statistics, Geometry, Orientation
and Reconstruction
by
Wolfgang Förstner , Bernhard P.
Wrobel
© Springer International
Publishing Switzerland
2016
Reading Chapters
“Aerial Photography and Image Interpretation”, by David …, 2012.

Chapter Exercises LABORATORY

Material Sections
Page
page
EXERCISE
page

1 Introduction all 1 23 83
2
Geometry of a Vertical
Aerial Photograph 27 83
Principles of Stereoscopic
3
Vision 44 83
Scale of a Vertical Aerial
4
Photograph 68 101
Horizontal Measurements
5 - Distance, Bearings and
Areas
86 127
Vertical Measurements
6 105 127
Acquisition of Aerial
7 Photography 131 154
OBJECTIVES
After a thorough understanding of this chapter, you will be able to:
• Write precise definitions to differentiate clearly among the
following terms: remote sensing, photogrammetry, and photo
interpretation.
• Fully define the following terms: electromagnetic spectrum,
atmospheric window, f-stop, film exposure, depth of field, and
fiducial marks.
• Draw a diagram and write a paragraph to explain fully
reflectance, transmittance, absorption, and refraction of light.
• List the wavelengths (bands) that can be detected by the
human eye, film, and terrestrial digital cameras (both visible
and photographic infrared bands).
• Draw complete diagrams of the energy-flow profile (a) from
the sun to the sensor located in an aircraft or spacecraft and
(b) within the camera.
OBJECTIVES
• Draw a diagram of a simple frame camera (film or digital),
showing the lens shutter, aperture, focal length, and the image
captured.
• Given the first and subsequent photographs taken by a typical,
large-format, aerial film camera in the United States,
thoroughly explain the meaning of the information printed on
the top of most photographs.
• Given a list of characteristics (or abilities) of various types of
cameras discussed in this chapter, state whether each
characteristic applies to film cameras only, digital cameras
only, or both types of cameras.
• In a paragraph, briefly discuss the concept of pixel size and the
number of pixels associated with digital cameras as related to
resolution.
 What is Photogrammetry ?
• “photo” = light
• “gram” = film
• “metry” = metrics

Photogrammetry
= measuring with photographs
 What is Photogrammetry?
Estimation of the geometric and
semantic properties of objects
based on images or observations
from similar sensors.

What are “similar sensors” ?

 What is Photogrammetry?
Photogrammetry is the science of making
measurements from photographs, especially for
recovering the exact positions of surface points.
Photogrammetry is as old as modern photography,
dating to the mid-19th century and in the simplest
example, the distance between two points that lie
on a plane parallel to the photographic
image plane, can be determined by measuring
their distance on the image, if the scale (s) of the
image is known.
 What Do We Measure?
• Camera orientation
• Location of objects/scenes
• 3D reconstruction of objects/scenes
• Object recognition
• Interpretation of images
• Semantic interpretation
• …
Connections
Remote sensing
Photogrammetry
computer vision
robotics

object image

robotics image
processing
computer graphics
Connections
• Developed for surveying purposes and is a
part of the geodetic sciences
• Photogrammetry and image interpretation
can be seen as a form of optical remote
sensing
• Digital photogrammetry has strong
connections to digital image processing and
computer vision
• Strong links between photogrammetry and
state estimation in robotics
 Advantages (1)
• Contact-free sensing

Why is contact-free
sensing relevant ?
 Advantages (1)
• Contact-free sensing is
important for
1. inaccessible (but visible) areas
2. sensitive material
3. hot/cold material
4. toxic material
 Homework's
(from 1 to 6 only)
Questions and Problem
in Page 23
are required
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS (Page 23)
1. Fully define these terms—remote sensing, photogrammetry, and
photo interpretation—in such a manner that clearly illustrates the
differences among them.
2. Fully define these terms: electromagnetic spectrum, atmospheric
windows, f-stop, exposure, depth of field, fiducial marks, pixels,
silver halides, hard and soft copy display, photograph versus an
image, focal length, and aperture.
3. Draw a diagram and write a paragraph to explain reflectance,
transmittance, absorptance, and refraction.
4. Draw a diagram illustrating a typical energy-flow profile from the
sun, or other source of energy, to a sensor located in an aircraft or
spacecraft.
5. Draw a diagram of the electromagnetic spectrum showing the
humanvisible and film- visible portions labeling the wavelengths
6. Draw a diagram of a simple film or digital frame camera showing
the lens, shutter, aperture, focal length, and relative position of the
image-capturing device.
 Thank you

Any Questions ?
END
of Lecture