LESSON 5

DISASTER RISK REDUCTION

AND MANAGEMENT
AWARENESS

BY: MR.MARK JOSHUA A.MANDANI, LPT

“TRUSTING OUR INTUITION OFTEN SAVES US
FROM DISASTER.”

-ANNE WILSON SCHAEF

DISASTER DEFINED:
Disasters occur when a hazard risk is realized. The term disaster derived
from the Latin roots, dis and astro, meaning “away from the stars” or, in
other words, an event to be blamed on an unfortunate astrological
configuration. Hazard, on the other hand, means a danger or a risk,
However, there is a caveat to this definition: to be considered disastrous,
the realized hazard must overwhelm the response capability of a
community (Copolla 2011).
WORST DISASTERS IN RECORDED
HISTORY
DISASTER YEAR NUMBER
KILLED
1. Mediterranean Earthquake (Egypt and Syria) 1201 1,100,000
2. Shaanzi Earthquake (China) 1556 830,000
3. Calcutta Typhoon (India) 1737 300,000
4. Caribbean Hurricane (Martinique) 1780 22,000
5. Tamboro Volcono (Indonesia) 1815 80,000
6. Influenza Epidemic (World) 1917 20,000,000
7. Yangtze River Flood (China) 1931 3,000,000
8. Famine (Russia) 1932 5,000,000
9. Bangladesh Cyclone (Bangladesh) 1970 300,000
10.Tangshan Earthquake (China) 1976 655,000
MODERN DISASTER MANAGEMENT:
MITIGATION

RECOVERY PREPAREDNESS

RESPONSE
THE BIRTH OF THE OFFICE OF CIVIL
DEFENSE (OCD) IN THE PHILIPPINES:
The Office of Civil Defense in the Philippines started as National Civil
Defense Administration (NCDA) and was established on August 18,
1954 through Republic Act 1190 otherwise known as the Civil Defense
Act of 1954, On September 27, 2010, Republic Act 10121, other wise
known as the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act
of 2010, was passed into law. This act, aimed to strengthen the country’s
disaster risk reduction and management system, was immediately
passed in response to massive effects of Typhoon “Ondoy” that wrought
havoc to the National Capital Region last September 26, 2009 (Office of
Civil Defense 2013)
FUNCTIONS OF OCD
OCD, as the implementing arm of the National Disaster Risk Reduction
Management Council (NDRRMC), has a primary mission of
administering a comprehensive national civil defense and disaster risk
reduction and management program. It provides leadership in the
continuous development of strategic and systematic approaches and
measures to reduce the vulnerabilities and risk to hazards and manage
the consequences of disasters (“Functions of OCD” 2013).
 TYPES OF
DISASTERS
EARTHQUAKE
Earthquakes are caused by sudden movements, comparatively near to
the earth’s surface, along a zone or pre-existing geological weakness,
called fault. These movements are preceded by the slow build-up
tectonic strain that progressively deforms the crustal rocks and produces
stored elastic energy.
TRIVIA:
The July 16, 1990 magnitude 7.9 earthquake in Luzon is one of the most
well-known earthquakes that hit in the Philippines which caused the
Hyatt Hotel in Baguio City to totally collapse. It killed 1,621 people and
an estimate damage of around 15 billion pesos.
 THE RICHTER MAGNITUDE SCALE OF
EARTHQUAKE
DESCRIPTOR MAGNITUDE ANNUAL AVERAGE HAZARD POTENTIAL
1. GREAT 8 AND HIGHER 1 TOTAL DESTRUCTION,
EARTHQUAKE HIGH LOSS OF LIFE
2. MAJOR 7-7.9 18 SERIOUS BUILDING
EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE, MAJOR LOSS
OF LIFE
3. STRONG 6-6.9 120 LARGE LOSSES,
EARTHQUAKE ESPECIALLY IN URBAN
AREAS
4. MODERATE 5-5.9 800 SIGNIFICANT LOSSES IN
EARTHQUAKE POPULATED AREAS
5. LIGHT EARTHQUAKE 4-4.9 6,200 USUALLY FELT, SOME
STRUCTURAL DAMAGE
6. MINOR 3-3.9 49,000 TYPICALLY FELT BUT
EARTHQUAKE USUALLY LITTLE
DAMAGE
7. VERY MINOR LESS THAN 3 9,000 PER DAY NOT FELT BUT
EARTHQUAKE RECORDED
TSUNAMI
The word ‘Tsunami’ comes from a two Japanese words: tsu (port or
harbor) and name (wave or sea), an appropriate derivation since these
waves inundate low lying coastal areas. Most tsunamis result from
tectonic displacement of the seabed by large, shallow-focus
earthquakes.
TRIVIA:
The magnitude 9.0 of 2011 Tohoku earthquake was recorded as the most
powerful earthquake to ever happen in Japan as it also resulted in a
tsunami which reached 133ft in height.
VOLCANIC ERUPTION
There are about 500 active volcanoes throughout the world. In a normal
year, around 50 erupt. Despite their dramatic appearance and high
public profile, volcanic hazards create a fewer disasters than
earthquakes or severe storms.
TRIVIA:
The eruption of Mt. Pinatubo on June 15, 1991 produced one of the
largest terrestrial eruptions of the 20th century. The effects of the
eruption were felt worldwide
TROPICAL CYCLONE
Tropical cyclone (Indian Ocean and Australia) is sometimes called
hurricane (Caribbean and Atlantic Ocean), or typhoon (Pacific Ocean).
About 15 percent of the worlds population is at risk from tropical
cyclones.
TRIVIA:
Super Typhoon Yolanda (International name: Haiyan) was a very
powerful typhoon with 230 km/h which hit the Philippines on
November 8, 2013. It holds the record of being the world’s strongest
storm which landfall that was ever recorded. It was also deadliest
typhoon that ever hit the country which left more than 6,000 people
dead.
PHILIPPINE STORM
WARNING SIGNALS
PHILIPPINE STORM WARNING SIGNAL
#1
METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS:
IMPACTS OF THE WINDS:
PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES:
PHILIPPINE STORM WARNING SIGNAL
#2
METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS:
IMPACTS OF THE WINDS:
PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES:
PHILIPPINE STORM WARNING SIGNAL
#3
METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS:
IMPACTS OF THE WINDS:
PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES:
PHILIPPINE STORM WARNING SIGNAL
#4
METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS:
IMPACTS OF THE WINDS:
PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES:
WHAT TO DO BEFORE, DURING
AND AFTER THE TYPHOON??
 TYPHOON SURVIVAL
BEFORE THE TYPHOON
 Store an adequate supply of
food and clean water.
Prepare foods that need not
be cooked.
 Keep flashlights, candles
and battery-powered radios
within easy reach.
 Examine your house and
repair its unstable parts.
 Always keep yourself
updated with the latest
weather report.
 Should you need to
evacuate, bring clothes, first
aid kit, candles/flashlight,
battery-powered radio,
food, etc.
DURING THE TYPHOON AFTER THE TYPHOON
 Stay inside the house.  If your house was
 Always keep yourself updated with the latest destroyed, make sure
weather report. that is already safe and
 If safe drinking water is not available, boil stable when you enter.
water for at least 20 minutes, place it in a Watch out for live wires
container with cover. or outlet immersed in
 Do not wade through floodwaters to avoid water.
being electrocuted and contracting diseases.  Report damaged
 If there is a need to move to an evacuation electrical cables and
center, follow these reminders: fallen electric post to
1. Evacuate calmly. the authorities.
2. Close the windows and turn off the  Do not let water
main power switch. accumulate in tires,
3. Put important appliances and cans or pots to avoid
belongings in a high ground. creating a favorable
4. Avoid the way leading to the river. condition for mosquito
breeding.
TORNADO
A tornado is a violently rotating column of air averaging about 100 m in
diameter that is in contact with both surface of the earth and a
cumulonimbus cloud. They are often referred to as “twisters”.
FLOOD
Flood is defined as the covering by water of land not normally covered
by water. Investment in flood control and disaster preparedness,
combined with improved sanitation, has reduced mortality but large
numbers of people are still made homeless by floods.
TRIVIA:
The Metro Manila suffered high water levels up to a records of 20 feet
and killed 464 during the Typhoon Ketsana which is named Ondoy by
PAGASA. The typhoon’s epic rainfall of six hours is equivalent to the
average monthly rainfall in Metro Manila.
THE FLOOD ALERTS