Project submitted to : Dr Deepak

WHEELC Gupta
By,
HAIR Harsh Mishra DIV –B ROLL NO – 93
TYBMS-SM
 INDEX
1.HISTORY OF WHEELCHAIR
FENCING
2. INTRODUCTION TO THE
SPORT
3.WHEELCHAIR FENCING
RULES
4.WHEELCHAIR FENCING
EQUIPMENTS
5.TOP WHEELCHAIR FENCING
PLAYERS
6.WHEELCHAIR FENCING IN
 HISTORY OF WHEELCHAIR
FENCING
Wheelchair fencing was included at the first Paralympic Games in Rome in 1960, and each
Paralympics since.
 
Sir Ludwig Gutmann, who established the Paralympic Movement, was himself a sharp
fencer and immediately perceived the potential for the game to contend from a wheelchair.
It was in this way nothing unexpected that wheelchair fencing was included at the
International Stoke Mandeville Games in 1954 – an ancestor of the Paralympic Games
composed by Gutmann.
 
Amid that occasion, wheelchair fencing was just demonstrated as a show between a
paraplegic fencer and his physically fit educator. In any case, the next year, sabre fencing
rivalry was added to the program. In 1956, the foil occasion was held for ladies fencers. The
following year, epee occasions were included. Today, each of the three sword types is
challenged in wheelchair fencing.
 
Fencers at first contended in substantial darker wheelchairs known as travaux seats.
Notwithstanding, as wheelchair outlines created and new lighter materials were utilised,
movement amid bouts turned into an issue. The underlying arrangement was for somebody
to squat behind the fencers and physically hold the seats.
 
Be that as it may, by the 1957 Stoke Mandeville Games,
frames were being trialled that held the seats set up. These
were grown further, first in the Netherlands and after that in
Italy, prompting the structures that contain the seats of
wheelchair fencers set up in rivalry today.
 
In 1960, wheelchair fencing was a piece of the absolute first
Paralympic Games in Rome, Italy. However, just three
medal events (men's sabre, men's sabre group and ladies'
foil) were challenged, and only Italian competitors
contended.
 
No wheelchair fencer has won more Paralympic awards than
Italy's Roberto Marson. Marson won his first wheelchair
fencing award at Tokyo 1964 and proceeded to win 15
altogether. Marson likewise won Paralympic medals in
swimming and athletics.
 INTRODUCTION TO THE SPORT

Wheelchair fencing is governed by International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports Federation. It is a federation of the
International Paralympic Committee. Both men and women participate in fencing events that have locomotor disability
relating to amputations, spinal cord injuries and cerebral palsy. Men and women both can take part in foil and épée
whereas sabre event is only for the males. The difference between regular Olympics fencing and wheelchair fencing is
that the wheelchairs are fixed on the ground so as to limit the game space and allows the athletes to fence without moving
the chair anywhere.
Although fencers cannot move back and forth, the fact there are no restrictions to upper body movement means
duals are as exciting and fast as in non-disabled Fencing events.
Fencers record hits by striking their opponent cleanly in the valid area, with successful hits recorded by the
electronic equipment.
There are three disciplines in Wheelchair Fencing, and they are based on the type of sword used – the Foil, the
Epee and the Sabre.
In the Foil event, fencers are only permitted to strike the trunk area of the opponent, whereas in the Sabre and
Epee, anywhere above the waist is a valid target area.
Bouts last a maximum of four minutes in the preliminary stages, with victory going to the first fencer to score five
valid hits or the one with the most hits at the end of the four minutes. Bouts in the first round of competition are
the best of nine hits. The top competitors are promoted to a direct elimination, where bouts are awarded to the
first get to 15 hits.
In the knockout stages, bouts consist of three rounds of three minutes. The winner is the first to score 15 hits, or
the highest scorer at the completion of the contest. In the event of a tie, an extra one-minute sudden death bout is
held, with the first person to score a valid hit taking the contest.
 GENERAL
RULES
Scoring
In fencing each weapon has its own scoring area; the foil is limited to the trunk area,
excluding the arms and head, while the épée touches are valid above the waist with the
arms and mask as well. The saber touches are allowed from any part of the blade, and
the valid target is the whole surface area above the waistline with arms and mask
included in it.
The fencers score by striking their opponent cleanly in the allowed area. The hits are
recorded electronically.
 
Duration
The bouts last for a maximum of four minutes in the preliminary stage. The winner is the
one who has five valid hits or who has the most no. of hits at the end of the clock. In the
knockout stage, the bouts consist of three rounds of three minutes each. The one who
scores 15 points first or who has maximum no. of shots at the end of the time is the
winner.
 
Classification
The athletes are grouped into the following classes based upon their
level of disability.
•Class A- Athletes that have full trunk movement and a good balance.
•Class B- No leg movement and impaired trunk and balance functions.
•Class C- Those who have a disability in all the four limbs (featured in
international competitions but not included in Paralympic games
program).
 
Competition Format
It takes place in the form of pool stages which is followed by direct
elimination rounds

Wheelchair
During the competition the wheelchairs are fastened on the floors with
the help of a metal frame. Due to this the participants have the freedom
of upper body only.
 EQUIPMENTS
There are three styles of parafencing, all based from a chair: foil,
epee, and saber. Each discipline utilizes a different type of
weapon and the rules and approach vary as well, which we
will address a little later.
The saber is the lightest weapon and has a classic saber look with
half-moon guard. The foil blade is light and has a small guard. The
epee is the heaviest weapon of the three.
Although you are dealing with weapons, Zeljkovic says it is a very safe
sport. “The equipment used and the material they are made of provides
a high level of protection.” The basic protective gear includes a mask,
gloves, jacket, and pants. Most local programs or clubs will have
this equipment on hand for you to give the sport a try, so no need to go
out and immediately buy your own.
Part of the sporting equipment includes a custom wheelchair used during
competitions. The chair is a certain height and locked into place, or
stationary, while fencing against an opponent. You can start out using your
everyday chair, according to Team USA Parafencer Ellen Geddes. “But it
is built differently than the fencing chair. When you start thinking about
heading to a competition, you should consider getting your own fencing
chair,” she said.
 TOP WHEELCHAIR FENCING
PLAYERS
YEE Yu Chui (Hong Kong,China)
With Tokyo 2020 set to be her fifth Paralympic Games, Yee
already had 11 Paralympic medal with seven of those being
gold. The Hong Kong,China athlete is one of the most respected
wheelchair fencers in the world.
Yui Chui Yee first made her Paralympic games debut representing
Hong Kong in the 2004 Summer Paralympic Games in Athens. Yu
won four gold medals in wheelchair fencing in category A individual
foil, team foil, individual épée, and team épée, becoming the first
athlete to win four gold medals in fencing.[3]
In the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing, Yu won gold in the
Individual foil category A, and earned silver in the Individual épée
category A, being bested by Zhang Chuncui, representing China. [4]
 However, in the London 2012 Summer Paralympics, Yu took home
gold medals in both individual épée category A and individual foil
category A. She also earned a bronze medal in the open category
team épée alongside teammates Chan Yui Chong and Fan Pui Shan.
[5]

During the 2016 Rio Paralympic Games, Yu secured a silver medal

in category A individual foil and in team épée with teammates Chan
Yui Chong and Ng Justine Charissa.
Dimitri Coutya (Great Britain)

The British fencer has become one of the top fencers across two
different disciplines: epee and foil. While his debut in Rio 2016 didn't
see him come away with a medal, losing in the quarter-finals of the
epee, he bounced back to claim two world titles the following year.
 He won a team silver, a team bronze and two individual bronze medals
for Great Britain in 
Wheelchair fencing at the 2020 Summer Paralympics at the Makuhari
Messe, Tokyo, Japan.[2]
Fencing internationally in Epee Cat B and Foil Cat B, he won a total of
48 Men Single Individual medals for Paralympics GB. He is the first
British wheelchair fencer to win a Major individual Title in Foil (Rome
2017 World Championship - Men Individual Cat B Foil Gold).
After reaching the Epee quarter final in Rio 2016, Dimitri won two
world championships golds in Rome 2017.[3] He won his first European
championships Gold in 2018 in Terni - Italy [4].At the 2019 world
championships in Cheong Ju - South Korea, Dimitri won a Gold in Epee
and a Silver in Foil.[5]
For several years Dimitri has been ranked world no.1 in both
Wheelchair Fencing Cat B Epee and Cat B Foil.
Saysunee Jana (Thailand)

As a double Paralympic and four-time world champion, Jana is

a national hero in her home nation. At Athens 2004, she became
Thailand's first female Paralympic champion after winning the
women's epee B event. Now at Tokyo 2020, she will be looking
to grace the podium for the fifth consecutive time.
Saysunee Jana’s achievements date back to the Athens 2004
Paralympics, and the Thai fencer still remains a strong gold
medal contender for Tokyo 2020. 
Jana has medalled at all four of her Paralympic Games and five
World Championships she has competed in so far.
Her strongest discipline comes in the women’s epee category B,
in which she is coming off the 2018 Asian Championship title
from Jakarta, Indonesia. The 45-year-old also has won the event
in three World Cups in the current 2018-19 circuit – in Sharjah,
UAE; Pisa, Italy; and Sao Paulo, Brazil. 
Ammar Ali (Iraq)
He will be hoping to turn his Paralympic silver from Rio 2016 into
gold at Tokyo 2020. The epee B fencer had an outstanding 2018-19
World Cup season with wins three overall victories. The road to gold
won't be easy with the likes of Great Britain's Dimitri Coutya, who is
the world no.1.
Just four years after he took up the sport for the first time, Ali made
his Paralympic debut at London 2012 where he placed sixth in
individual epee.
It was not long before he made a mark at the 2013 Wheelchair
Fencing World Championships and 2014 Asia Championships taking
the silver and bronze medals, respectively.
A year later, he became the world champion and won the Asian
Championships in individual epee category B to qualify for the Rio
2016 Paralympic Games.
Among Ali's important awards and medals is also the BP Courage
Award he received at the Paralympic Awards last year in Abu Dhabi.
It was a prize for his determination to persevere and excel despite the
adversity that the Iraqi conflict has brought. But also a consequence
of Ali's history-making moment at Rio 2016, when he won Iraq’s first
Paralympic medal.
“That was the most memorable moment of my career, the silver
medal. It is every player’s dream and I got it after overcoming a lot of
 WHEELCHAIR FENCING IN INDIA
A record turnout of 150 fencers have competed at India’s National Wheelchair Fencing Championships, with top
men’s and women’s athletes from 13 states in action across the three days.
The competition, which was staged  in Karnal, was organised by the Haryana State Wheelchair Fencing Association
(HSWFA), who are affiliated to the Wheelchair Fencing Federation of India.
Satyavir Singh, secretary general of HSWFA, stated that they were hoping to increase awareness of the sport within
the region.
"As Haryana is one state to motivate sports since the last few years, we decided to host the eighth edition to increase
awareness of wheelchair fencing in Haryana,” he said.
“Thanks to all our sponsors and Tapan Rehabilitation Society for helping us conduct this event so successfully.
“After this event we have received lots of inquiry by different people to join this sport.”
Master Praveen proved to one of the stars of the competition, with the 14-year-old having surprised the men’s sabre
field to reach the gold medal match.
Ventatesha Babu and Ramesh Rao, who are India’s topped ranked foil and epee fencers, were also among those in
action at the Championships.
Sabre fencer Vibhas Sen was another competitor, having won three medals at the 2014 edition of the event.
He followed up the achievement by winning two golds this year, one in individual sabre competition, before
replicating the feat in the team event.
Sen has stated he is now targeting competing at the Asian Championships in Hong Kong.
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