SPECIFICATION WRITING

LANDSCAPE

GROUP MEMBERS

1 KAJAL WALKE
2 SHREYA PADWAL
3 PRADNYA PAWAR
4 AMRUTA DAREKAR
5 DARSHANA MANE
6 DIVYA TOTARE
 WHAT IS LANDSCAPE ?

LANDSCAPE IS THE DEVELOPMENT OF OUTDOOR SPACE

TO PROVIDE VARIOUS AMENITIES –
LIKE PRIVACY, COMFORT, BEAUTY AND EASE OF
MAINTAINANCE.

IT MAY INVOLVE :

• LAWNS , SHRUBS, TREES, PLANTS AND FLOWERS.

• STRUCTURES SUCH AS SEATING, POOLS, ROCK
GARDENS, TRELLISES OR PERGOLAS AND PAVED
SURFACES.
• NATURAL ELEMENTS
• HUMAN ELEMENTS
• ABSTRACT ELEMENTS
What is need of land scape?

Economic:
 Landscaping enhances property values.
 Proper placement of shade trees and evergreen reduces cooling costs.
Environmental :
One tree removes 26 pounds of carbon dioxide from the air every year and
releases about 13 pounds of oxygen-enough for a family offer on a daily basis.
 Plants control runoff and erosion.
 Plants reduce noise pollution up to 50 percent.
 Plants creates green space for human rest & recreation.
ELEMENTS OF LANDSCAPE DESIGN
•Color – It is important to use a
complementing color scheme
throughout the yard. Sometimes Contrast
can create some interest and excitement.
•Direction or Line – Linear patterns
are used to direct physical movement and
to draw attention to areas in your garden.
•Form – Form can be expressed through
built objects or trees and shrubs of various
shapes and sizes which create natural
patterns.
•Texture – Paving and building materials along with plants with
varying textures can add to the atmosphere of your outdoor area.
•Scale – Your outdoor design should balance the size of the buildings or
established plants it surrounds, while maintaining a comfortable human
environment for the individuals who will use the area.
PRINCIPLES OF LANDSCAPE DESIGN
•Unity - One of the basics of landscape
design is creating a central theme to build
your outdoor plan upon. A unified look is
important to a beautiful landscape design.
•Balance - The plants, walkways, and
other features of your outdoor plan should
be laid out in an asymmetrical design that
complements the entire yard.
•Transition - Changes in colors, plant
styles, and accessories will blend better
with planned transitions to slowly move
into the new look.
•Proportion - Plan a design that
incorporates trees and shrubs that are relative
to the size of the people and things around
them.
•Rhythm - The patterns created with colors and lines give the landscape
design a natural rhythm that is relaxing and enjoyable.
•Focalization - With the use of lines, form, and balance, you can
develop a landscape design with specific focal points to draw interest and
turn heads.
•Repetition - Repetition of these patterns and rhythms, in just the right
amount, gives your outdoor design the perfect look without being
overpowering.
 TYPES OF LANDSCAPING
THERE ARE TWO TYPES IN LANDSCAPING
• SOFT LANDSCAPING
• HARD LANDSCAPING

WHY DO WE NEED BOTH ?

BOTH HARDSCAPE AND SOFTSCAPE SERVE THEIR

PURPOSES, SO IT IS IMPORTANT TO INCORPORATE
BOTH INTO YOUR OVERALL LANDSCAPE
.
PLANTING SHRUBS AND OTHER PLANTS CAN HELP
TO BEAUTIFY FOR BACKYARD.

CREATING A STONE WALKWAY FOR YOUR HOME

CAN MAKE A PATH FOR YOUR FAMILY TO WALK ON.

YOU CAN EVEN USE BOTH HARDSCAPING AND

SOFTSCAPING FOR THE SAME PURPOSE.
 SOFT LANDSCAPING
THE TERM SOFTSCAPE IS USED BY PRACTITIONERS OF
LANDSCAPE DESIGN, LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE, AND
GARDEN DESIGN …

BY CONTRAST SOFTSCAPE ENCOMPASSES ALL LIVING

THINGS IN YOUR LANDSCAPING .
TRESS, SOIL, AND HEDGES ARE ALL EXAMPLES OF
SOFTSCAPE.
UNLIKE HARDSCAPE, WHICH IS MORE PERMANENT,
SOFTSCAPE CAN BE TEMPORARY.
HARD LANDSCAPING

HARDSCAPE DESCRIBE MAN-MADE, NON-LIVING FEATURES

OF YOUR HOMES LANDSCAPES.

THINGS LIKE PATIOS, DECKS, AND GRAVEL PATHS ARE ALL THE
EXAMPLES OF HARDSCAPE.
THE WIDE RANGE OF HARDSCAPE MATERIALS CAN BE USED ,
SUCH AS BRICKS, GRAVELS, ROCK OR STONES, CONCRETE,
TIMBER, BITUMEN, GLASS, METALS,ETC
HARDSCAPE CAN ALSO DESCRIBE OUTDOOR FURNITURE AND
OTHER LANDSCAPE PRODUCT..
 LANDSCAPE LIGHTING
• Landscape lighting has excessive potential to enhance the landscape and
provides many benefits for both residential and commercial applications.
• Landscpe lighting can add safety,security,ambience,mood and drama to the
outdoor environment.
• It is important to maintain a well thought out layout as well as the proper
fixture voltages when setting up outdoor lighting.Improper voltages shorten
the life of outdoor light fixture,bulb and transformer.
• Be careful not to use too much of the same kind of lighting.Vary the outdoor
lighting techniques and types to bring out a fresh and bright look to the
landscape.There are many specific types of outdoor lights such as flood
lights,spot lights,path lights etc. Landscape lights are provided on Landscape
lighting has excessive potential to enhance the landscape and provides
many benefits for both residential and commercial applications.
• Landscpe lighting can add safety,security,ambience,mood and drama to the
outdoor environment.
• Landscape lights are provided on Types Of Lighting Fixtures
 Entrance • Inground/recessed
 Doorways • Onground
 Garages and Driveway • Surface
 Paths and Steps • Wall
• Bollards
• Poles
 Landscape Lighting Systems
1.Solar Landscaping Lights:
This is the easiest type to install. No electricity is required.
2.Low Voltage Lighting:
An easy system to install.Wiring is located just slightly
Path light under the ground.A transformer is needed typically on
the house for poer.
3.120 Volt Lighting:
This uses typical electrical wiring which much be installed
to code.This tends to more expensive.Also the wiring
must go down much deeper that low voltage ligting.

Down light There are various types of lightings and all Serves
different purposes.
• Path Lighting
• Up Lighting
• Outdoor Accent Lighting
• Post Lights
• Down Lighting

Up light
 PLANTS AND SOIL
ACCORDING TO THE VISUAL APPEARANCE THRER ARE FOLLOWING TYPES
OF PLANTS( GRASS/DICOTS AND MONOCOTS),
ORNAMENTAL-
 CAN SERVES AS LIVING ORNAMENTS, DRAWING THE VIEWER’S EYE AND
BALANCING OUT THE LANDSCAPING’S DESIGN
 THEY HAVE UNIFORM GROWTH PATTERNS WITH INTERESTING SHAPES OR
TEXTURE
 THEY ACT AS A DECORATIVE ELEMENTS INSIDE OR OUTSIDE
SCREENS-
 FAST GROWING EVERGREENS, WILLOW HYBRIDS AND PRIVATE SHRUBS IN THE
LANDSCAPE
 THEY AFFORDING PRIVACY AND BEAUTY TO THE YARD AND PROVIDE PERENNIAL
COVER FOR A FENCE.
SHADES-
 THEY HAVE LARGE TREES WITH DENSE LEAF GROWTH
 THEY PROVIDE WELCOME RELIEF FROM THE HEAT
 THEY CAN INVOLVE DECIDUOUS AND EVERGREEN TREES
BORDERS-
 THEY PLACED AT DRIVEWAYS OR SIDEWALK OR ENHANCING THE EDGE OF A
FLOWER GARDEN
 SHRUBS OR FLOWERING PLANTS OF A SIMILAR HEIGHT AND SHAPES FORM
ATTRACTIVE BORDERS AND ALSO ACT AS A VISUAL SEPERATION BETWEEN
LANDSCAPE ELEMENTS
GROUND COVERS-
 GRASS IS MOST COMMON GROUND COVER WHICH CREATE A LIVING PLANT
CARPET REDUCES SOIL ERROSION
 SURFACE PREPARATION
SOIL-
 MOSTLY BLCK SOIL IS GOOD FOR LANDSCAPING, IT IS VERY FERTILE AND CAN
PRODUCE HIGH AGRICULTURAL YIELDS
 IT CONTAINS HIGH MOISTURE STORAGE CAPACITY AND HIGH PERCENTAGES OF
HUMUS, PHOSPHORIC ACID, PHOSPHORUS AND AMMONIA

BLACK SOIL
 SURFACE PREPARATION
NATURAL LAWN-
EQUIPMENT NEEDED FOR NATRAL LAWN
 LANDSCAPE RAKE SCALES
 METAL RAKE BONE METAL
 MEASURING STICK GRASS SEEDS
 GARDEN FORK WATERING CAN
 BAMBOO CANES FRUIT NETTING

 LOSE THE SOIL WHERE THE SEEDS GET MOISTURE, HUMUS, PHOSPHRUS,
AMMONIA.
 WITH THE HELP OF LANDSCAPE RAKE REMOVE LARGE STONE TILL THE SOIL MAKES
SOFT AND LEVELLED.
 THEN USED METAL RAKE TO REMOVE THE STONES WHICH REMAIN.
 ONCE THE GROUND IS LEVELLED FORM THE GROUND BY WALKING ACRROSS IT OR
BY MEASURING STICK.
 REREKE THE GROUNG TO BREAKUP THE FOOT PRINTS.
 MEASURING THE AREA WHERE THE LAWN IS WITH THE MEASURING STICK.
 ACCORDING TO THE AREA MEASURE THE FERTILE AND DRAWING ON MEASURED
AREA WHERE THE LAWN LAYED WITH SOFTLY AND EVENLY.
 AGAIN RERAKE THE GROUND WITH THE HELP OFLANDSCAPE RAKE.
 SIMILARLY SOWING CAN DONE, AS THE FERTILISE DONE.
 AGAIN SLIGHTLY RERAKE THE GROUND FOR SEED CAN IN CONTACT WITH SOIL
WHICH SOIL COVERS THE SEED AND GROW LARGE EXPOSURLY.
 WATER THE AREA THOURALLY.
 FOR CAREING, COVERING WITH FRUIT NET TO PROTECTING FROM BIRDS.
 AVOID WALKING ON THE LAWN FOR 1-2 MONTHS.

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DECIDIOUS TREE DETAIL SHRUBS DETAIL
 TERRACE
EEVERGREEN TREE DETAIL LAWN