802.

11n Overview

© 2006 Texas Instruments Incorporated

Agenda

 New Features Overview

 PHY Features

 PPDU Formats

 Frame Aggregation

 QoS Enhancements

 PSMP Operation

 HT Signaling

 BA Sessions
© 2006 Texas Instruments Incorporated
New Features Overview

 MCS – Modulation and Coding Scheme

 Addition 4 tones in 20Mhz OFDM

 Up to 72mbps possible with 1 TX stream

 MIMO – Multiple Input Multiple Output

 Up to 4 spatial streams in TX and RX

 Up to 289mbps in 20Mhz OFDM

 40 Mhz channels
 Up to 600mbps with 4 spatial streams

 May be divided to 2X20Mhz channels

© 2006 Texas Instruments Incorporated
New Features Overview

 Transmit Beam Forming

 Stations with multiple antennas can optimize the TX stream sent to
each peer device
 Signaling between beam former and beam formee is required

 STBC – Space Time Block Code

 Duplicate Coded data transmitted from several antennas in
different times
 Single antenna reception is possible

 Increases network range

© 2006 Texas Instruments Incorporated

New Features Overview

 LDPC – Low Density Parity Check

 Better Error Correction then current FEC

 Decoding is resource consuming

 Antenna Selection
 Optimizes the division of the RF stream over multiple antennas

 Achieved after peer-to-peer calibration sequence

 PPDU Formats
 Green Field – HT Only

 Mixed Format – HT inside Legacy Format

© 2006 Texas Instruments Incorporated
New Features Overview

 A-MSDU – Aggregated MSDUs

 Several MSDUs grouped inside one MPDU

 Single MAC header

 A-MPDU – Aggregated MPDUs

 Several MPDUs grouped inside one PPDU

 Single PLCP (Multiple MAC headers)

 Block Ack Sessions

 Required for A-MPDUs

 New Types of BA: Compressed, Multi-TID

© 2006 Texas Instruments Incorporated
New Features Overview
 PSMP – Power Save Multi-Poll
 Synchronize station transmission/reception to AP to improve PS
 Designed for better power consumption with multimedia streams

 RIFS – Reduced Interframe Spacing

 2us
 Maybe used when no SIFS transmission is expected

 RDG – Reverse Direction

 Station may allocate remaining TXOP to peer

 Transmit Burst Limit

 Limit Consecutive HT and/or RIFS packet bursts
© 2006 Texas Instruments Incorporated
PHY Features
 MCS
 Identify the exact coding, modulation, number of spatial streams

 Different mappings according to channel width

 20Mhz – MCS from 0 to 31, 8 different MCS per number of streams

 40Mhz – MCS form 0 to 31, 8 different MCS per number of streams

 MCS number above 31 used for UEQM

 Guard Interval
 Two possible values per MCS 400 or 800 ns.

 Changes Achievable Rates

 New rate adaptation algorithm required

© 2006 Texas Instruments Incorporated

PHY Features

© 2006 Texas Instruments Incorporated

PHY Features

 Channel Number
 40 Mhz channels identified by primary and secondary channels

 Same numbering scheme as today

 STBC
 Support on Receive Only

 MAC feature allows APs to transmit beacons in STBC format on

secondary channel at an offset of half TBTT

© 2006 Texas Instruments Incorporated

PPDU Formats

 Maximal PSDU length is 65535

 Legacy Format
 Current OFDM format

 Mixed Field
 Legacy Preamble

 Different meaning of rate and length fields in the Signal

 HT Frame without preamble

 Green Field
 Complete HT frame
© 2006 Texas Instruments Incorporated
© 2006 Texas Instruments Incorporated
Frame Aggregation
 A-MPDU
 Aggregate many MPDUs to a single receiver
 Minimal spacing between MPDUs
 Maximal A-MPDU Length
 Requires BA session setup
 Each MPDU has its own sequence number
 Duration in all MPDUs is the same
 RA in all MPDUs is the same
 Multiple TID is possible
 Can signal BA request at the end of an A-MPDU
 Otherwise BAR needs to be sent © 2006 Texas Instruments Incorporated
Frame Aggregation

© 2006 Texas Instruments Incorporated

Frame Aggregation

 A-MSDU
 Similar to our legacy 4X feature

 Aggregation of Layer 2 packets w/o individual MAC header

 New sub-frame header between MSDUs

 Only frames with the same TID are allowed

© 2006 Texas Instruments Incorporated

Frame Aggregation

© 2006 Texas Instruments Incorporated

QoS Enhancements

 RDG
 Signaled in the HT Control field

 Allows to transmit and receive in the same TXOP

 ACs may change upon reversed direction

© 2006 Texas Instruments Incorporated

QoS Enhancements

© 2006 Texas Instruments Incorporated

QoS Enhancements

 RIFS
 Usage
 Between transmitted packets in TXOP

 Not allowed between RDG

 Between PSMP DTT

 Between packets sent inside a DTT or UTT

 RIFS is allowed in the BSS if indicated inside the HT information

element in the beacon

© 2006 Texas Instruments Incorporated

PSMP Operation
 Relevant only the stations in 802.11 PS
 Started by an PSMP action frame sent in broadcast or
multicast – Only after DTIM
 Limited to ~8ms
 Can be extended with another consecutive PSMP
 Schedules DTT and UTT per each station with offset from
start of PSMP
 DTT – Downlink transmission times
 UTT – Uplink transmission times
© 2006 Texas Instruments Incorporated
PSMP Operation

© 2006 Texas Instruments Incorporated

PSMP Operation

© 2006 Texas Instruments Incorporated

PSMP Operation

© 2006 Texas Instruments Incorporated

PSMP Operation

© 2006 Texas Instruments Incorporated

HT Signaling
 HT Control Field
 Link Adapation
 Beam Forming Calibration Sequences
 Antenna Selection Calibration Sequences

 RDG
 NDP Announcment
 Order bit in FC is set to 1

© 2006 Texas Instruments Incorporated

HT Signaling

 HT Information Field
 Appears in Beacons and Probe responses

 Controls HT operation in the BSS

 RIFS Mode

 PSMP only BSS

 Protection required/allowed: HT, Greenfield, L-SIG

 Transmit Burst Limit

 Greenfield Protection

 Dual CTS Indication

 Dual Beacon

 Supported MCS bitmap (Size 128 bits, 1 bit per MCS) © 2006 Texas Instruments Incorporated
HT Signaling

© 2006 Texas Instruments Incorporated

HT Signaling

 Includes station HP capabilities

 Sent by AP in Probe Response and Beacons

 Sent in Association Frames by AP and STA

 Sent in Pilot Frames

© 2006 Texas Instruments Incorporated

BA Sessions
 11e feature extended in 11n
 Allows sending of frames w/o ACK and receiving a BA for multiple
frames instead
 Allows sending packets out of order
 Better throughput achieved when good radio conditions
 Requires ACK tracking and buffering of sent frames
 Requires reordering of received packets before they passed to network
stack
 BAR – Requests ACK for all packets starting from given sequence
number
 Block ACK – Provides bit mask specifying which packets are ACKd

© 2006 Texas Instruments Incorporated

Q&A

© 2006 Texas Instruments Incorporated