GURU NANAK INSTITUTIONS TECHNICAL CAMPUS 

  (AUTONOMOUS)
(Accredited by NAAC A+, Affiliated to JNTU Hyderabad)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL  AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
REVIEW OF TECHNICAL SEMINAR PRESENTATION
ON
ThermoElectric Cooler

BY
      M.vishnu vardhan (19WJ5A0206)

     
     Internal Guide                                                Seminar Co-Coordinator                                      Head of the Department
   V.Chandrashekar srisailam                             Dr. K.Santhi
Assistant Professor                                         Associate Professor                                       Professor & HOD
     EEE, GNITC.                                                  EEE, GNITC.                                               EEE, GNITC.
CONTENTS

 Abstract
 Introduction
 Peltier effect
 History of peltier effect
 construction
 Performance
 Advantages
 Disadvantages
 Applications
 conclusions  
 ABSTRACT

Thermoelectric cooling uses the Peltier effect to create a heat flux at the
junction of two different types of materials. A Peltier cooler, heater, or
thermoelectric heat pump is a solid-state active heat pump which transfers
heat from one side of the device to the other, with consumption of electrical
energy, depending on the direction of the current. Such an instrument is also
called a Peltier device, Peltier heat pump, solid state refrigerator, or
thermoelectric cooler (TEC) and occasionally a thermoelectric battery. It can
be used either for heating or for cooling, although in practice the main
application is cooling. It can also be used as a temperature controller that
either heats or cools.
 INTRODUCTION
 Thermoelectric cooling is described as a solid-state method of heat
transfer generated primarily through the use of dissimilar
semiconductor materials
 This technology is far less commonly applied to refrigeration than
vapour compression refrigeration is due to high cost and less
efficiency.
  Many researchers and companies are trying to develop Peltier coolers
that are cheap and efficient.
PELTIER EFFECT
 Thermoelectric coolers operate by the Peltier effect (which also goes
by the more general name thermoelectric effect).
 The device has two sides, and when a DC electric current flows
through the device, it brings heat from one side to the other, so that
one side gets cooler while the other gets hotter.
HISTORY OF PELTIER EFFECT

 The Peltier effect is named after Jean

Charles Peltier (1785-1845) who first
observed it in 1834.
 The Peltier effect had no practical use for
over 100 years until dissimilar - metal
devices were replaced with semiconductor
Peltiers which could produce much larger
thermal gradients.
CONSTRUCTION
 A series of thermo-electric cells in a horizontal array which is encased in
plates made of an electrical insulator (Ceramics).
 Each thermo-electric cell consists of a pair of dissimilar semiconductors
(one n-type and one p-type).
 The semiconductors are placed thermally in parallel to each other and
electrically in series and then joined with a thermally conducting plate on
each side.
 When a voltage is applied to the free ends of the two semiconductors there
is a flow of DC current across the junction of the semiconductors causing a
temperature difference.
WORKING
 Thermoelectric coolers operate
according to the Peltier effect. The
effect creates a temperature difference
by transferring heat between two
electrical junctions.
 A voltage is applied across joined
conductors to create an electric current.
When the current flows through the
junctions of the two conductors, heat is
removed at one junction and cooling
occurs. Heat is deposited at the other
junction.
ADVANTAGES

 No moving parts so maintenance is required less frequently.

 Ability to Heat and Cool With the Same module.
 Long life, High Reliability and Environment Friendly.
DISADVANTAGES

 Relegated to applications with low heat flux.

 Not as Efficient, in terms of COP.
 Cost is very high
APPLICATIONS
 Cooling of electronic components and small instruments.
It can also be used to extract
 Mini refrigerators or incubators
 Military cabinets
 Portable coolers
CONCLUSION

 The conclusion that we now can draw is that the TER system is a
novel refrigeration system which will be a better alternative for
conventional refrigeration system in the near future.
 With recent development taking place in field of thermoelectric and
nano science different thermoelectric material are to be explored and
this will further help to reduce the temperature.
THANK YOU