Jahan University

BCS Faculty

Subject: Database System

Lecture#
Lecturer:

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Chapter no 1 (Continued)
THREE-SCHEMA ARCHITECTURE
 Chapter No 1 Agenda (Continued)
Three-schema architecture
Data Independence
Types of DBMS
Data models and their Types
Database Development process
Three-schema architecture
Three-schema architecture
Database can be viewed at three levels:
◦ External Level
◦ Describes that part of database that is relevant to a particular user
◦ Conceptual Level
◦ Describes what data is stored in database and relationships among the data
◦ The way perceived by the DBA & programmers
◦ Internal Level
◦ Describes how the data is stored in the database
◦ The way perceived by the DBMS & operating system (OS)
◦ Physical Level
◦ Handover data to the operating
Inter-Schema Mapping
Inter-Schema Mapping (CON…)
It also a part of three level architecture
There are two types of mapping
◦ External & Conceptual Mapping
◦ Conceptual & Internal Mapping
Data Independence
Data independence is one of the biggest advantages of database approach
It is a major outcome of the three level schema architecture
There are two types:
1) Physical Data Independence
2) Logical Data Independence
Types of Database of Applications
Database applications are broadly divided into following categories
Personal
Two Tier
Multi Tier
Personal Database Application
Personal databases are designed to support one user. Personal databases have
long resided on personal computers (PCs), including laptops, and increasingly on
smartphones and PDAs.

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 Two-Tier Client/Server Databases
in two-tier client/server application Each
member of the workgroup has a
computer, and the computers are linked
by means of network (wired or wireless
LAN). In most cases, each computer has a
copy of a specialized application(client)
which provides the user interface as well
as the business logic through which the
data is manipulated. The database itself
and the DBMS are stored on a central
device. Used for workgroup

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Multitier Client/Server Databases
1. User have a basic user
interface e.g Web browser
2. Database Application is
stored in separate server to
process user request and
send it to database server
3. Physical Database is stored
on special database server

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Enterprise Application
An enterprise application/database is one whose scope is the entire organization
or enterprise (or, at least, many different departments). Such databases are
intended to support organization-wide operations and decision making.

Data warehouse
An integrated decision support database whose content is
derived from the various operational databases

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Summary of Database Applications

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Data models (DM)
Planning the structure of database is called data models
Data models:
1. Hierarchal
2. Network
3. Relational
Hierarchical DM
Network DM
Relational DM
Database Development process
Systems Development Life Cycle

Project Identification & Selection

Project Initiation & Planning
Analysis
Logical Design

Physical Design

Implementation
Maintenance
Database SDLC

SDLC Database Development

Identify Project Activities
Enterprise
Initiate and Plan Modeling
Conceptual
Analyze Data Modeling
Logical
Logical Design DB Design
Physical DB
Physical Design Design/Creation
DB
Implementation Implementation
DB
Maintenance Maintenance
Summary
Three-schema architecture
Inter-Schema Mapping
Data Independence
Types of DBMS
Data models and their Types
Database Development process

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F REQ U E N T LY A S K ED Q U ES T I O N S

01/24/2022 23