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Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders
Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders
Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders
Metabolic Disorders
Muhammad Ammar Zahid
Pharm.D., M.Phil., BCPS
Ph.D. candidate, College of Pharmacy, Qatar University
I have no conflicts of interest to disclose.
Adrenal Disorders
Cushing’s Disease
Diabetes Mellitus
Obesity
Multinodular goiter
replacement tx)
a. Potassium iodide
b. Propylthiouracil
c. Atenolol
d. Methimazole
a. Potassium iodide
b. Propylthiouracil
c. Atenolol
d. Methimazole
a. Levothyroxine
b. Liothyronine
c. Desiccated thyroid
d. Methimazole
a. Levothyroxine
b. Liothyronine
c. Desiccated thyroid
d. Methimazole
ACTH Independent
Cushing Syndrome
01/25/2022 BCPS Preparatory Class 29
Cushing’s Disease - Presentation
Central obesity / facial rounding
Peripheral obesity / fat accumulation
Myopathies
Osteoporosis / back pain / fracture
Glucose intolerance / diabetes
HTN
Glycemic targets should be individualized. More stringent or less stringent goals may be appropriate
for some patients.
• For patients maximized on metformin therapy but with A1C levels above the target, add a
second-line antihyperglycemic agent.
01/25/2022 BCPS Preparatory Class 47
Adding a second agent – without comorbidity
Need to minimize
Compelling need to
weight gain or Cost is a major issue
minimize hypoglycemia
promote weight loss
GLP1-RA or SGLT-2
inhibitor. If these
agents cannot be used,
DPP-4 inhibitor, GLP1- use a weight-neutral
RA, SGLT-2 inhibitor, or medication such as a SU, TZD
TZD DPP-4 inhibitor. Avoid
sulfonylureas, insulin,
and TZDs due to
weight gain.
a. Insulin glargine
b. Lisinopril
c. Glyburide
d. Niacin
Classification BMI
Normal 18.5-24.9
Overweight 25.0-29.9
Class I 30.0-34.9
Class II 35.0-39.9
Class III 40+
ammarzahid@gmail.com