OUTLINING

LESSON 7
ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND
PORFESSIONAL PURPOSES
 What is an Outline?
 Outlines are used in determining the structure of an
academic paper
 It is a way of formally arranging and developing your
ideas.
 Main headings for each of the sections are encoded using
Roman numerals (I, II, III, etc.) while the supporting
arguments or details are marked by capital letters (A, B, C,
etc.)
 There are two types of an outline: topic outline and
sentence outline
Here is an example of how a blank outline might look like:

Essay Outline
I. Introduction
II. Body Paragraph #1
A. supporting ideas
B. supporting ideas
III. Body Paragraph #2
A. supporting ideas
B. supporting ideas
IV. Conclusion
Two Types of Outline

Topic Outline
 Summarize the main topic and subtopics of
the article in words or phrases

Sentence Outline
 Uses complete sentence for each topics
and subtopics as it is more informative
compare to topic sentence
I. Economical effects
A. Alcohol
1. Cost of alcohol purchases
2. Cost of DUIs
B. Drugs
1. Cost of drug purchases
2. Cost of drug arrest
II. Psychological effects
A. Alcohol
1. Mental impairment
2. Mental addiction
B. Drugs
1. Mental impairment
2. Mental addiction
III. Physical effects
A. Alcohol
1. Liver disease
2. Alcohol poisoning
B. Drugs
1. Brain damage
2. Drug overdose
Two Types of Outline

Topic Outline
 Summarize the main topic and subtopics of
the article in words or phrases

Sentence Outline
 Uses complete sentence for each topics
and subtopics as it is more informative
compare to topic sentence
I. Alcohol and drug abuse can affect one economically.
A. The cost of alcohol abuse is high and getting higher.
1. The cost of DUIs can be enormous.
2. Alcohol cost are always rising because of rising production
cost as well as state and local taxes
B. The cost of drug abuse can be high
1. Even the arrest for the possession of a minute amount of
drugs can result in high bail and court cost
2. The cost of drugs fluctuates drastically according to the type
of drug, its availability and the amount
II. Alcohol and drugs abuse can have severe psychological effects
A. Alcohol abuse can damage a person psychologically.
1. Alcohol is a depressant and can alter the personality of
anyone.
2. The abuse of alcohol can lead to the psychological addiction
to alcohol
B. Drug abuse can be detrimental to one psychologically.
1. Drugs impair ones ability to function normally because of the
hallucinations or numbness of getting high.
2. Drugs can become a psychological addiction
TITLE: Properties of Magnets
I. Attracts objects which are magnetic in nature.
A. Illustration of the Principle
B. The composition of magnets
C. How to create magnets
D. Counter-examples of magnets
E. Origin of Magnets
II. Like poles repel, unlike pole attract
III. Freely hanging magnets align in one direction
A. Illustration
B. The principle behind illustration
IV. Poles occur in pairs
TITLE: The Benefits of Running
I. Introduction
A. Running is becoming an extremely
popular sport of all ages.
B. Running is great form of exercise
because it helps people control their
weight, develop muscles, and improves
mental and physical performance.
II. Body
A. Weight Control
1. Aids self-control
2. Burns calories
3. Encourages a healthy diet
4. Suppresses appetite
B. Muscular Development
1. Improves tone
2. Enhance contours
3. Increases contours
4. Improves endurance
C. Psychological Well-being
5. Aids sleep
6. Inhibits depression
7. Intensifies vitality
D. Cardiovascular Fitness
8. Strengthen heart
9. Lowers blood pressure
10. Changes blood lipids
11. Improves circulation
That’s all
Thank you