R-L–C series A.C.

circuit

jt d jt 1
Vm   RI m e L (I m e )
C  I m e jt
dt

dt
j
Vm   R  jL I m e jt
C 

V  R  j( X L  X C )I

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V  R  j( X L 
X C )I

X L  XC
Vm   I R 2  ( XL  X C )2  tan 1 R

where

In terms of voltages

V  VR  j(VL VC )

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 When XL = XC , the applied voltage V and
the current I are in phase. This effect is
called series resonance.

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A series RLC circuit has resistance of 50 Ω, Inductance of 0.1H and capacitance of
50µF connected in series across a single phase 230V, 50Hz supply. Calculate (i)
Current drawn by the circuit, (ii) Power factor of the circuit (iii) Active and reactive
power consumed by the circuit (iv) Draw the phasor diagram.
A series RLC circuit has resistance of 50 Ω, Inductance of 0.1H and capacitance of
50µF connected in series across a single phase 230V, 50Hz supply. Calculate (i)
Current drawn by the circuit, (ii) Power factor of the circuit (iii) Active and reactive
power consumed by the circuit (iv) Draw the phasor diagram.
A series RLC circuit has resistance of 50 Ω, Inductance of 0.1H and capacitance of
50µF connected in series across a single phase 230V, 50Hz supply. Calculate (i)
Current drawn by the circuit, (ii) Power factor of the circuit (iii) Active and reactive
power consumed by the circuit (iv) Draw the phasor diagram.
 R–L parallel a.c. circuit
The current flowing in the resistance, IR, is in-phase with the supply
voltage V and the current flowing in the inductance, IL, lags the
supply voltage by 90°. The supply current I is the phasor sum of IR
and IL and thus the current I lags the applied voltage V by an angle
lying between 0° and 90° (depending on the values of IR and IL),
shown as angle Φ in the phasor diagram.

Applying KCL

v(t) 1
I   v(t)dt
R L
Applied voltage
v(t)  Vme jt

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 Vm jt 1
I m   e  V m e jt
R jL

1 1 jt
I m   j V me
R L

I  YV

1 1 ‘Y’ is the admittance of RL parallel circuit.

Y  R  j L

1
Z impedance
Y
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In terms of current

I  I R  jI L

I 
1 I L
m IR 2  IL 2   tan I
 R

jt
where V
IR  m e and

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 R–C parallel a.c. circuit
IR is in-phase with the supply voltage V and the current flowing in the
capacitor, IC, leads V by 90°. The supply current I is the phasor sum of
IR and IC and thus the current I leads the applied voltage V by an angle
lying between 0° and 90° (depending on the values of IR and IC), shown
as angle α in the phasor diagram.

Applying KCL

Applied voltage

v(t)  Vme jt

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 Vm jt
I m   e  jCVm e jt
R
1
I      j  C 
 Vm jt
m e
R


I  YV
1 1
Y 
R ‘Y’ is the admittance of RL parallel circuit.
 1 
 j C 
1
Z impedance
Y
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In terms of current I I 2
I 2
tan 1
IC

I  I R  jIC

R C
IR

V e jt Vme jt

where
IR  m and
IC 
R  jX C

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 P16.

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 P15.
An a.c. network consists of a coil, of inductance 79.58 mH and resistance
18 Ω, in parallel with a capacitor of capacitance 64.96 µF. If the supply
voltage is 250, 0° V at 50 Hz, determine (a) the total equivalent circuit
impedance, (b) the supply current, (c) the circuit phase angle, (d) the
current in the coil, and (e) the current in the capacitor.

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 P17.

Find I1, I2, Is .

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 P18.
A 10 Ω resistance, a 30 Ω inductive reactance and a 24 Ω capacitive
reactance are in parallel with a 50Hz source with a current flow of 2A
in the circuit. Determine the (i) Impedance (ii) Supply voltage (iii)
Power factor (iv) True power (v) Reactive power and (vi) Apparent
power.
Z = 9.964 Ω , V = 19.92 V ,pf = 0.996 ,
P = 39.69 W ,Q = 3.56 VAR, S = 39.86 VA
(CAPACITIVE)

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 P19.
Find the complex power absorbed by each element.

QC = - 3.84 VAR, PR = 5.12 W, QL = 6.4 VAR

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 P20.
The circuit shown in Figure dissipates an
active power of 400 W and has a power
factor of 0.766 lagging. Determine (a) the
apparent power, (b) the reactive power,
(c) the value and phase of current I, and
(d) the value of impedance Z.
Ans: 522.2 VA, 335.7 var lagging,
5.222 A, I = 5.222, -10° A.

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 P21.
Two admittances, Y1 = 3 +j4 mS and Y2 = 5 + j2 mS, are in parallel,
and a third admittance, Y3 = 2 - j4 mS, is in series with the parallel
combination. If a current I1 = 0.1 30° A is flowing through Y1, find the
magnitude of the voltage across (a) Y1; (b) Y2; (c) Y3; (d) the entire
network. (e) complex power absorbed by each branch.

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P3.8. An alternating voltage has the equation of v(t)=141.4sin377t;
what are the values of:
a) r.m.s. voltage;
b) frequency;
c) average voltage
d) the instantaneous voltage when t=3ms
Ans: 100V, 60Hz, 90.1V, 127.8V

P3.9. A capacitor of 8.0µF takes a current of 1.0A when the alternating

voltage applied across it is 230V. Calculate
e) the frequency of the applied voltage
f) the resistance to be connected in series with the capacitor to
reduce the current in the circuit to 0.5A at the same frequency.
g) The phase angle of the resultant current.

Ans: 86.5Hz, 398Ω, 30o leading

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P3.10

Ans:

P3.11

Ans:

P3.12

Ans: 3.9A, 56Ω, 16Ω

P3.13

Ans: 26.8A
P3.14

Ans: 6.21647.3 2.91990

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