Chapter 11 Review

I will review for Chapter 11 test.

The test will cover material on the following:

Matter and Energy

Mixtures and Solutions
Chemical and Physical Changes
Acids and Bases
 Mixtures
• Anything that you combine is a mixture.
• Think of everything you eat. Think about your
favorite kind of cake.
• I love Carrot Cake! What is your favorite
cake?
• Each cake is made up of a different mixture.
• Does carrot cake taste like Chocolate Cake?
No! That’s because they are made from
different mixtures.
• When two or more materials are PHYSICALLY
combined, it creates a mixture.
• For example: different cake mixtures create
different types of cakes.
 Solutions
• A solution is a mixture of substances that are
blended so completely that the mixture looks
the same everywhere. It does not contain
layers.
• It is a mixture of a solid and a liquid. An
example of a solution is Kool-Aid.
• With Kool-Aid you mix a solid, which is a
flavored packet of powder, with water, which
is a liquid. The result when you stir it together
makes a solid color drink. This is a solution.
What about tea? Could that be a solution?
Why or why not?
• Solutions do not have to relate to food. There
are different types of solutions. Look on page
E55 at the top box. What solutions do you
see?
 Physical Changes
Physical changes- DO NOT CHANGE IDENTITY!
1.ripped paper- is still paper
2.boiling water- is just hot water
3.pumping oil- it’s still oil
4.smashing your car- now it’s an ugly car
5.shattering a light bulb- still only a light bulb
6.sharping a pencil- a sharper pencil
7.freezing water- ice, but still water
8.cutting iron- it’s STILL iron!
9.rising or bread dough- Still dough
10.melting iron- It’s still iron!
 Chemical Changes
• Do you remember the “Creating Suds” project
we did last week?
• Why was that a Chemical Change?
• Chemical Changes occur when a new product is
formed.
• Our experiment was a Chemical Change because
we mixed baking soda and vinegar together,
this made an explosive amount of bubbles!
• Bubbles are gas, so we created a NEW product
by mixing two things.
• In a Chemical Change, something NEW is
created or forms.
• See the difference?
 Energy
• What is Potential Energy?

• Potential Energy is having the “potential”

to move, like a rock on a hill. It could
roll down the hill, but it hasn’t yes.

• Kinetic Energy is when an object actually

moves! The rock rolling down the hill
would be Kinetic Energy.
 Acids and Bases
 Can you give me an example of an Acid?
 Vinegar, Orange Juice, and Lemon Juice.
 What do these things have in common? Sour
 Bases are used more for cleaning, like ammonia and
baking soda. Bases taste bitter. Has anyone ever
brushed their teeth with baking soda? Is it sour or
bitter?
 Bases turn blue when tested on litmus paper.
 An indicator is something that changes color when it
comes in contact with an acid or a base. Can you name
an indicator?
 If you place a blue and red strip of litmus paper in a
glass of water and it does not change color, what does
this tell you? The solution is _________?
 Any Questions So Far?
 Does Heat Move?
 If you hold a hot cup of coffee on a cold day
does it warm your body up?
 Yes it does! This happens because the heat
from the mug is transferred into your skin.
This would be what type of energy?
 Heat moves in three ways: Conduction,
Convection, and Radiation.

 Conduction occurs without any movement of

matter. This is like holding the cup of coffee.
It usually occurs in solids and between objects
that are touching.
 Movement of Heat
• In Convection thermal energy is transferred by
the movement of matter. Convection occurs in
liquids and gases. An example of this would be the
coffee pot we looked at yesterday. Hot parts of
the material rise, while the cooler parts sink. This
is a constant cycle of rising and sinking, thus
making the pot eventually the same temperature.

• Radiation is transferred through electromagnetic

rays. Matter is not needed at all in this energy
transfer. An example of this would be the Sun
warming the Earth.
 Any Questions?
• We covered more then I would have like to
today, so now is the time where I will help you
prepare for the test.

• Is there anything that we need to look at

again?

• Any questions about the test?

• When taking the test tomorrow, let me know if

you come to a question that you feel that we
did not cover in class, or that you feel that we
did not prepare enough for, and I will help you.