Chapter 2

EVOLUTION OF
COMPUTING
What is a computer
For common people
 A gadget used as a channel for
communication
 Make their work easier (documentation)
 Search information
What is a computer
For IT/Computer Experts
 A device to process data (input-
manipulate-output; store and retrieve
data)
 Provide useful information
 Solve problems
How are we benefited from using a Computer?
Increases productivity
 manual – digital processes

Connects to the internet

 Do cloud computing
How are we benefited from using a Computer?
Storage
 Keep our information secured and
accessible

Organized data and Information

 Management
 Availability
How are we benefited from using a Computer?
Improves your abilities
 From manual – computer literacy
 Platform environment literacy

Assist the physically challenged

 People with disabilities can go with the
trends
How are we benefited from using a Computer?
• Keeps you entertained

 For common people – listens to music and

the likes

 For Computer experts– boost up skills

How do the four basic function of computing works?

• The four basic computing functions:

1. Input function
 data information (text, images, or
commands)

2. Data Processing function

methods/actions
(manipulation of data input or response to the
command)
How do the four basic function of computing works?

• The four basic computing functions:

3. Output function
 prints soft/hard copy of information (text,
images,)
 Response to commands

4. Storage function
saving of input, data processed and output results
of computing works
How does the following characteristics contributes to how
computers work

• Speed
– Meant to do work faster
• Accuracy
– Meant to give work conveniences
• Diligence
– Meant to work for any calculation process
• Versatility
– Meant to do different tasks simultaneously
How does the following characteristics contributes to how
computers work

• Power of remembering
– Meant to store data and gives it back to the user as
needed
• No IQ
– Made by human, and is manipulated by human.
• No Feeling
– Will work until it reach its performance capacity
• Storage
– Can provide actions done by the user when needed
How do we classify a computer based on:

• Purpose
• Data handling; and
• size
Classification on the basis of purpose
• Specific purpose computers
– Systems made for a specific work (e.g.
calculators, ATM Machines, kiosk
machines)
– 1st-3rd Generation Computers
How does the following became a computer?
• Abacus
– Arithmetic calculation
How does the following became a computer?
• Napier’s bones
– Calculating device for multiplication and
division operations
How does the following became a computer?
• Pascaline
– Arithmetic addition and subtraction
How does the following became a computer?
• Stepped Reckoner or Leibnitz wheel
– Digital mechanical calcultor
How does the following became a computer?
• Difference Engine
– designed to solve tables of numbers like
logarithm tables.
How does the following became a computer?
• Analytical Engine
– capable of solving any mathematical
problem and storing information as a
permanent memory.
– used punch-cards as input
How does the following became a computer?
• Tabulating Machine
– could tabulate statistics
and record or sort data
or information
– a mechanical tabulator
based on punch cards.
How does the following became a computer?
• Differential Analyzer
– an analog device that
could do 25 calculations
in few minutes.
How does the following became a computer?
• Mark I
– a machine that could
perform calculations
involving large numbers
– It was the first
programmable digital
computer.
Classification on the basis of purpose
• General purpose computers
– Computing devices such as laptops,
desktops, notebooks, smart phones)
– 3rd-5th Generations Computers
Classification on the basis of data handling

• Analog computer
– computer that uses continuous physical
phenomena such as electrical,
mechanical, or hydraulic quantities to
model the problem being solved
– 1st generation computers
Classification on the basis of data handling

• Digital computer
– A computer that performs calculations
and logical operations with quantities
represented as digits, usually in the
binary number systems
Classification on the basis of data handling

• Hybrid computer (Analog + Digital)

– A combination of computers those are
capable of inputting and outputting in
both digital and analog signals.
– Fuel vending machines (Gasoline
stations), ultrasound machines
Classification on the basis of data handling
• Super Computer
– Most powerful computers characterized as
fastest, very high processing speed and of large
data storage.
– Specifically used for complex applications by big
organization.
– Good example is NASA and ISRO uses
supercomputers to track and control space
discovery.
Classification on the basis of data handling
• Mainframe Computer
– Capable of performing high processing
speed and data storage but not powerful as
super computers.
– Wired in air-conditioned rooms.
– Example: ISP providers use mainframe
computers to process information about
millions of internet users.
Classification on the basis of data handling
• Mini Computer
– Less processing speed than mainframe
computers.
– Departments of large company's uses this type of
computers.
– They can handle large database and accounting
efficiently.
– Example: Department of computer monitoring
the network traffic of whole company.
Classification on the basis of data handling
• Micro Computer or Personal Computer
– Least powerful type of computers but are
the most widely used and growing in the
fastest rate.
– Hardware peripherals can be attached
easily.
– Includes Desktop computers, Laptops,
tablet pc's,