TOURISM &

SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
Content
1. Definition
2. Sustainable
development
3. Sustainable tourism
development
4. Eco tourism

2
 Objectives
1. Understand the concepts of sustainability, sustainable
development and sustainable tourism development

2. Understand the principles of sustainable development

3. Knowledge of SDGs and SDGs practical program of UN

4. Understand concepts and impacts of Ecotourism

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What is sustainable
 Definition

Concept of sustainability was originally coined in forestry, due to

the concern with preserving natural resources

Sustainability means consumption less than the nature yields in

new growth

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Sustainable development
 Definition

Development: a process through which a society moves from one

condition to another, and to the goal of that process

Modern development progress includes at least five dimensions:

economic component, social component, political dimension,
cultural dimension, full-life paradigm

Sustainable development: ‘development that meets the needs of

the present without compromising the ability of future generations
to meet their own needs’

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 Nature of development

Development included economic growth, structural change,

autonomous industrialization, capitalism or socialism, self-
actualization, and individual, national, regional and cultural self-
reliance

Originally, the idea of development was understood narrowly as

economic growth

Development was later expanded to incorporate social, moral,

ethical and environmental considerations because people have
choice expansion, led to human improvement and fulfilment

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 Nature of development
Later development was recognized in terms of poverty,
unemployment and inequality

A further expansion of development included three core values:

- Sustenance
- Self-esteem
- Freedom
And three development objectives:
- Increase the availability and distribution of basic human needs
- Raise the living standard: higher incomes, better education,
more jobs, greater cultural and humanistic values attention
- Expand the range of economic and social choices

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 Nature of development

The growth of the environmental movement led to the expansion

of development term to encompass the sustainability concept

Sustainable development included:

- Environmental development
- Economic and Political development
- Socio- cultural development
- Community development
- Human resources development

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 Evolution of development theory

Development Selected theoretical Key concepts/strategies

Time
paradigms Approaches/ models

Societies pass through similar development stages

Stages
as western countries
1950s-
Modernization
1960s Spread of growth impulses from developed areas;
Diffusion growth poles; trickle down effect; state involvement,
regional economic development

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 Evolution of development theory

Development Selected theoretical Key concepts/strategies

Time
paradigms Approaches/ models

Underdevelopment caused by exploitation by

Neocolonialism
developed countries; western cultural influence

Poverty is functional to global economic growth; rich

1950s- Dualism and poor – between countries and within countries,
Dependency regional inequalities
1960s

Domestic markets, import substitution, social

Structuralism
reforms, protectionism, state involvement

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 Evolution of development theory

Development Selected theoretical Key concepts/strategies

Time
paradigms Approaches/ models

Supply side macroeconomics; free competitive

Free market
market; privatization

Mid Structural
Economic Focus on market forces and competitive exports
1970s adjustment
neoliberalism
- 1980s

New world financial system; deregulation

One world
internationalization of production

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 Evolution of development theory
Development Selected theoretical Key concepts/strategies
Time
paradigms Approaches/ models

Basic needs Priorities of food, housing, water, health and education

Alternative People-centered development; local control of decision-

Grassroots
1970s development making, empowerment, NGOs
early-
1980s
Gender Women in development, gender relations, empowerment

Sustainable Environmental management; meet the needs of the

development present generation without compromising future needs

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 UNDP: the Sustainable Development Goals
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)- Global Goals- introduced
by the United Nations in 2015 as a universal call to action to end
poverty, protect the planet, and ensure that all people enjoy peace and
prosperity by 2030

The SDGs’ purposes: end poverty, hunger, AIDS, discrimination against

women and girls

Basement concept of SDGs: development must balance social, economic

and environmental sustainability, and need the contribution of creativity,
knowhow, technology and financial resources from all of society
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The 17 SDGs

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 Examples of sustainable programs

Bhutan Juist, Germany

relatively untouched by
colonialism, ensuring
the people’s sustainable
way of life remained
intact
no cars, just horse carriages,
bikes, sustainable garbage
prevention, strongly disposal
implementation, ‘Green
University’ for children
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 Discussion questions

Choose one SDGs and Discuss the implementation and its

impact on Vietnam communities

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 References
Sobhee, S. K. (2006). Fisheries biodiversity conservation and sustainable
tourism in Mauritius. Ocean & Coastal Management, 49(7-8), 413–420.

Liburd, J. J. (2010). Introduction to Sustainable Tourism Development. In

Understanding the Sustainable Development of Tourism.

Policies, G. E., & Studies, C. (2003). Global Ecotourism Policies and Case
Studies. In Global Ecotourism Policies and Case Studies.

Sharpley, R., & Telfer, D. J. (2002). Tourism and Development: Concepts and
Issues. CHANNEL VIEW PUBLICATIONS (Clevedon, Buffalo, Toronto, Sydney).

Wearing, S., & Neil, J. (2009). Ecotourism: Impacts, Potentials and

Possibilities? (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann.

Yeoman, I. (2008). Tomorrow’s tourist: Scenarios & Trends (1st ed.). Elsevier
Ltd