Internet of Things :

The Ongoing Industrial

Revolution
What Is This ??

2
Industrial Evolution

4. Industrial Revolution
Based on cyber-physical-
systems

3. Industrial Revolution
Through the use of electronics
and IT further progression in
autonomous production

2. Industrial Revolution
Introducing mass production

Level of complexity
lines powered by electric
energy

1. Industrial Revolution
Introducing mechanical
production machines powered
by water and steam
Industry 1.0 Industry 2.0 Industry 3.0 Industry 4.0
End of the Beginning of the Beginning of the Today
18th Century 20th Century 21st Century

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Phases of Earlier 3 Industrial
Revolutions
 1760 to 1840 - Ushered in Mechanical Production, Railways and

Steam Engine

 1870 to 1940 - Mass Production, Electricity and Assembly Line

 1960 to 2010 - Computers, Semi Conductors, Main Frame

Computing, Personal Devices, Internet

Industry 4.0

A collective term for technologies and concepts of value chain organization. Based on the
technological concepts of cyber-physical systems, the Internet of Things and the Internet of
Services, it facilitates the vision of the Smart Factory.
Builds
 the
Within on thestructured
modular Digital Revolution  Ubiquitous
Smart Factories of Industry Internet systems
4.0, cyber-physical
monitor physical
 Smaller & processes, create a virtual copy of 
Powerful Sensors the Artificial
physical world and make
Intelligence (AI)
decentralized
 Machine decisions.
Learning  Labor & Energy Cost

Over the Internet of Things, Cyber-physical systems communicate & cooperate with each
other & humans in real time. Via the Internet of Services, both internal & cross-
organizational services are offered & utilized by participants of the value chain.
Did Not Exist Prior To 2005

 i-Phone  Android

 i-Pad  Oculus

 Kindle  Instagram

 4G  Snapchat

 Uber  WhatsApp

 Airbnb

 Android
Time to Reach
100 Million Customers

 Telephone : 75 Years

 Web : 7 Years

 Facebook : 4 Years

 Instagram : 2 Years

 Pokemon Go 1 Month
Cyber Physical Systems

A cyber-physical system (CPS) is a system of collaborating computational elements

controlling physical entities. CPS are physical and engineered systems whose
operations are monitored, coordinated, controlled and integrated by a computing and
communication core. They allow us to add capabilities to physical systems by merging
computing and communication with physical processes.
Today’s Factory
Tomorrow’s Factory
Industry 4.0 : Six Design Principles
 Interoperability: the ability of cyber-physical systems (i.e. work piece
carriers, assembly stations and products), humans and Smart Factories to
connect and communicate with each other via the Internet of Things and the
Internet of Services
 Virtualization: a virtual copy of the Smart Factory which is created by linking
sensor data (from monitoring physical processes) with virtual plant models
and simulation models
 Decentralization: the ability of cyber-physical systems within Smart
Factories to make decisions on their own
 Real-Time Capability: the capability to collect and analyze data and provide
the insights immediately
 Service Orientation: offering of services (of cyber-physical systems,
humans and Smart Factories) via the Internet of Services
 Modularity: flexible adaptation of Smart Factories for changing requirements
of individual modules
Building Blocks of Industry 4.0

Autonomous
Robots

Big Data
Simulation
Analytics

Horizontal
Augmented and Vertical
Reality Industry 4.0 System
Integration

Industrial
Additive MFG Internet of
Things
Cyber
Security
Impacting all Aspects of
Value Chain
Impacting all Aspects of
Value Chain
Digital Enterprise
Entire Value Chain is Digitized and Integrated
Potential Implications

Robot Assisted Production

Predictive Maintenance

Additive Manufacturing of
Complex Parts

Machines as a Service

Big Data Drive Quality Control

Production Line Simulation

Smart Supply Networks

Robots Working in Amazon

45000
40000
35000
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
2013 2014 2015 2016
Example - SIEMENS
German manufacturing giant Siemens, an industrial user, is implementing an

Industry 4.0 solution in medical engineering. For years, artificial knee and hip

joints were standardized products, with engineers needing several days to

customize them for patients. Now, new software and steering solutions enable

Siemens to produce an implant within 3 to 4 hours.

Example - TRUMPF

German toolmaker Trumpf, an Industry 4.0 supplier and worldwide market leader

of laser systems, has put the first "social machines" to work. Each component is

"smart" and knows what work has already been carried out on it. Because the

production facility already knows its capacity utilization and communicates with

other facilities, production options are automatically optimized.

Example - GE

Predix, the operating system for the Industrial Internet, is powering digital

industrial businesses that drive the global economy. By connecting industrial

equipment, analyzing data, and delivering real-time insights, Predix-based

apps are unleashing new levels of performance of both GE and non-GE assets.
Examples of Product Evolution :
Connected and Smart Products
 Economy Economy
 Growth
Customer
Governments
Identity,
Inequality
 Expectations
Morality
Ageing
Countries, &
Community
 Ethics
Data
RegionsEnhanced
&
 Productivity
 Products
Cities
Human
 Employment
Connection
Individual Individual Business
 Collaborative
International
Business
 Labour
Innovation
Security
IMPAC IMPAC 
Substitution
New Operating
T T  The Nature of
Models
Work

National National
Society Society
& Global & Global
Top 10 Skills to be Relevant
in Industry 4.0
The Ongoing Manufacturing
Revolution
The Internet of Things
• 20+ years of experience in Information
Technology Space
• Currently, Chief Data Scientist & CEO,
Entrigna, Inc.
• Most recently, Managing Director & Chief
Architect at United Airlines
• Key Areas of Interests: Murali Kashaboina
• IoT & IIOT
• SMART Solutions
• Real Time Prescriptive & Cognitive
Computing
• Streaming Architectures
• Data Science

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 A Million Dollar Question
Evolution Revolution

Early Carriage More Fancy Carriage Early Automobile

Evolution Revolution

Vintage Analog Phone Smart Internet Phone

Fancy Digital Phone

• Evolution - A gradual process in which something changes progressively from one stage
to another
• Revolution - A total turn around; a sudden, complete, or fundamentally radical change in
something
• Typically, Revolution leads to further Evolution - For Example, Invention of Automobile
was Revolutionary however innovations such as Ground Mail and Commercial
Transportation evolved Automobile Invention into a Commercial Enterprise
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Manufacturing Revolution
– From Industry 1.0 to Industry 4.0
Industry 1.0 Industry 2.0 Industry 3.0 Industry 4.0
FIRST SECOND THIRD FOURTH
Industrial Revolution Industrial Revolution Industrial Revolution Industrial Revolution
Key Change:
Introduction of IoT and
Key Change: Cyber-Physical Systems
Introduction of driven by Augmented
Key Change: Electronics, PLC Devices, Reality & Real Time
Introduction of mass Robots and IT to automate Intelligence
Key Change:
Manufacturing Production Production
Introduction of
Mechanical Production lines powered by Electric
Equipment driven by Energy
Water and Stream Power

Level Of Complexity
Augmented Reality Driven
CPS
PLC Driven Robots

Vintage Electric Conveyor

Belt
18th Century Mechanical
Loom

End of 18th Century End of 19th Century Q4 of 20th Century Start of 21th Century
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While Multifaceted Innovations are Enabling IOT, IIOT
is Driving Manufacturing Revolution……

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US manufacturers are beginning to implement IoT Solutions and
believe IoT is required for future growth

• 35% are currently collecting and using data generated by smart

sensors to enhance manufacturing/operating processes

• 70% believe it is extremely or moderately important that US

manufacturers adopt an IoT strategy in their operations

• 38% currently embed sensors in products that enable

end-users/customers to collect sensor-generated data

• The Indian market for IIoT will reach close to 10 K Cr. with a
CAGR of 11.1% by 2022

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Current IoT Landscape in
Manufacturing

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Airbus – Factory of the Future
• MiRA (Mixed Reality Application) tablet
• Cross between a sensor pack and a
tablet

• Internet Connected Smart Tools

• Auto-adjust to different actions
• Log information
• Reduces assembly time

• Augmented Reality driven Instructional &

Educational Tutorials

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Siemens – Shampoo Plant
• Bottle carriers with RFID tags can talk to machines in a
production line
• Smart Dispenser Machine:
• Reads RFID info
• Determines type of shampoo to fill
• Knows how much shampoo to fill
• Smart Labeling Machine:
• Reads RFID info
• Determines if the bottle is filled
• Knows what label to put on the filled bottle
• Eliminates the need for human input in the dispensing and
labeling process
• Eliminates the need for a separate
production line for each type of shampoo
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Continental AG’s SMART Factory
• Active RFID tags and Geo-location
are used to move the tire
components throughout the factory

• Collaborative robots
• Robots are “shown” how to do
a task once and then they can
repeat that action
• Reduces risks of injuries and
reduces the need for additional
assisting employees

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What the Future Holds….

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Streamlined Factories

 Sensors are attached

to components,
forklifts, employees
and other assets

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Streamlined Factories

 By geolocating the
sensors, one can see how
people and products are
moving

Processes can be streamlined and Production time

reduced
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SMART Inventory Management
 Sensors on containers can determine
when a product is running low
 Employees will be alerted to
proactively re-order the parts when a
certain level is reached or orders can be
automatically placed with suppliers

Components will not run out or run low

Reduced costs of production
More uptime for factories which leads to Higher
Productive Levels
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SMART Inventory Management
 Sensors can also be used to
determine if a container is reaching
its capacity
 This could trigger an alert for a
forklift to remove the container
and replace it with an empty one
 Can also be used for Waste
Management

Components will not overflow from a container

More uptime for factories which leads to higher productive
levels
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SMART Quality Control
 RFIDs attached to products can be
used to tag defective products
 If over a certain number, an
employee can be alerted to see if
there is a bad batch of components
or if an adjustment needs to be made
to the machinery
 Employees can be alerted if the
problem is the result of a defective
part
 If an adjustment is needed, it can be
Product quality is controlled and course
automatically made in real-timecorrections are made while product is still
moving through the production line

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Manufacturing Revolution is shaping
• Smart factories are connected in a network
SMART Factories….
through the use of cyber-physical
production systems which lets factories and
manufacturing plants react quickly to
variables, such as demand levels, stock
levels, machine defects, and unforeseen
delays
• This networking also involves the smart
logistics and smart services
• The whole value chain in such
integrated network is subjected to
through-engineering, where the
complete lifecycle of the product
is traced from production to
retirement through the use of IoT
technologies
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ROLE’s IN I-IOT SOLUTIONS

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While new IOT Technologies are being enabled, IIOT
Reference Architectures are being Conceptualized…

CONCEPTUAL REFERENCE
ARCHITECTURE BASED ON INDUSTRIAL
INTERNET CONSORTIUM - VIEWPOINTS

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RTES is analogous to A “Brain” that enables & prescribes
Intelligent, Real-Time Decisions & Actions

RTES Features
 Robust set of modules
including data virtualization
and multiple decision
frameworks
 Seamless integration of
product modules with
flexibility to easily turn on /
off
 Limited, frictionless touch
points with internal systems

RTES Advantages
 Increased functionality and
flexibility for decision
services
 Faster implementation
timelines
 Lower implementation costs

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THANK YOU

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