ILO

CONVENTIONS

Presented By
Roshan Rai (21131)
International Labour Organization
• ILO is a specialized agency of UN which seeks the promotion of social justice and
internationally recognized human and labour rights.
• It was established by the Treaty of Versailles in 1919.
• It became the first specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) in the year
1946.
• ILO was founded primarily in response to humanitarian concern over the
condition of workers who were being exploited with no consideration for their
health, their family lives or their professional and social advancement.
• The organization got the Nobel Peace Prize in 1969, for its efforts to improve
peace amongst the classes, and for promoting justice and fair work for the
workers.
ILO Conventions
• International labour standards are legal instruments drawn up by the ILO's
constituents (governments, employers and workers) and setting out basic principles
and rights at work.
• Conventions (or Protocols), which are legally binding international treaties that may
be ratified by member states, or Recommendations, which serve as non-binding
guidelines.
• Conventions and Recommendations are drawn up by representatives of
governments, employers and workers and are adopted at the annual International
Labour Conference.
• International Labour Organization Conventions contains 190 codifications of world
wide labour standards.
• The first Convention was adopted in 1919 and covers hours of work, the most recent
Convention, adopted in 2019, covers violence and harassment in workplace.
ILO Conventions contd..
• International Labour Organization (ILO) Conventions are developed through
tripartite negotiations between member state representatives from trade unions,
employers' organizations and governments, and adopted by the annual
International Labour Conference (ILC). Member state governments subsequently
ratify Conventions and incorporate their provisions into national legislation.
• Once a standard is developed, member states are required under article 19(6) of
the ILO Constitution, to submit it to their competent authority (normally
Parliament) within a period of twelve months for consideration.
•  If it is ratified, a Convention generally comes into force for that country one year
after the date of ratification. 
Fundamental Conventions
• The ILO Governing Body has identified eight “fundamental” Conventions,
covering subjects that are considered to be fundamental principles and rights at
work.

• Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organize Convention

(C087)
Adopted in July 1948 and entered into force in July 1950.
Workers’ and employers’ organizations have the right to establish and join
federations and any such organization, federation have the right to affiliate with
international organizations of workers and employers.
Incorporated in Chapter 2 section 8 of labour act 2074.
• Right to Organize and Collective Bargaining Convention (C098)
Adopted in July 1949 and entered into force in July 1951.
This convention protects workers against discrimination for joining a trade
union, promotes voluntary collective agreements, taking collective action.
Such protection shall apply more particularly in respect of acts calculated to:
(a) make the employment of a worker subject to the condition that he shall not
join a union or shall relinquish trade union membership;
(b) cause the dismissal of or otherwise prejudice a worker by reason of union
membership or because of participation in union activities outside working hours
or, with the consent of the employer, within working hours
 Has been Incorporated in chapter 19 of Labour act 2074.
• Forced Labour Convention (C029)
Adopted in June 1930 and entered into force in May 1932.
Each member states that ratifies this convention must "completely suppress
forced or compulsory labour", with exceptions for military, civil service, court
orders, for emergencies and minor communal orders.
Has been Incorporated in Chapter 2 section 4 of labour act 2074 of Nepal.

• Abolition of Forced Labour Convention (C105)

 Adopted in June 1957 and entered into force in January 1959.
Each Member of the ILO which ratifies this Convention has to suppress and not
to make use of any form of forced or compulsory labour:
a. As a means of political coercion or as a punishment for holding political
views opposed to the established political, social or economic system;
a. As a means of labour discipline;
b. As a punishment for having participated in strikes;
c. As a means of racial, social, national or religious discrimination
• Minimum Age Convention (C138)
Adopted in June 1973 and entered into force in June 1976.
Each Member states that has ratified this convention has to pursue a national
policy designed to ensure the effective abolition of child labour and to raise
progressively the minimum age for admission to employment or work to a level
consistent with the fullest physical and mental development of young persons.
The minimum age specified shall not be less than the age of completion of
compulsory schooling and, in any case, shall not be less than 15 years.
However, member states that has specified minimum age of 14 years must
include “the reasons for doing so” and “it renounces its right to avail itself of
the provisions in question as from a stated date” in reports on the application
of this convention.
The minimum age for admission to any type of employment or work which by
its nature or the circumstances in which it is carried out is likely to jeopardize
the health, safety or morals of young persons shall not be less than 18 years.
• Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention (C182)
Adopted in June 1999 and entered into force November 2000.
Each Member states which ratifies this Convention has to take immediate and
effective measures to secure the prohibition and elimination of the worst forms
of child labour as a matter of urgency.
The term “the worst forms of child labour” comprises:
(a) all forms of slavery or practices similar to slavery (the sale and trafficking of
children, debt bondage and serfdom and forced labour;
(b) The use of a child for prostitution, for the production of pornography or for
pornographic performances;
(c) The use of a child for illicit activities, in particular for the production and
trafficking of drugs as defined in the relevant international treaties;
(d) Work which, by its nature or the circumstances in which it is carried out, is
likely to harm the health, safety or morals of children.
 Has been incorporated in Chapter 2 Section 5 of labour act 2074 of Nepal.
• Equal Remuneration Convention (C100)
Adopted in June 1951 and entered into force in May 1953.
Each Member has to ensure the application to all workers of the “principle of
equal remuneration for men and women workers for work of equal value”.
Has been incorporated in Chapter 2 Section 7 of labour act 2074 of Nepal.

• Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention (C111)

Adopted in June 1968 and entered into force in June 1960.
Each member state has to ensure that workers are not to be discriminated against
on grounds of "race, colour, sex, religion, political opinion, national
extraction or social origin", or other grounds determined by member states, in
employment.
Each Member for which this Convention is in force undertakes, by methods
appropriate to national conditions and practice:
(a) to seek the co-operation of employers’ and workers’ organizations and other
appropriate bodies in promoting the acceptance and observance of this policy;
(b)to enact such legislation and to promote such educational programmes to secure
the acceptance and observance of the policy;
(c) to repeal any statutory provisions and modify any administrative instructions or
practices which are inconsistent with the policy;
(d) to pursue the policy in respect of employment under the direct control of a
national authority;
(e) to ensure observance of the policy in the activities of vocational guidance,
vocational training and placement services under the direction of a national
authority;
(f) to indicate in its annual reports on the application of the Convention the action
taken in pursuance of the policy and the results secured by such action.
Has been incorporated in chapter 2 section 6 of labour act 2074 of Nepal.
Governance (Priority) Conventions
• The ILO Governing Body has also designated another four Conventions as
governance (or priority) instruments, thereby encouraging member States to
ratify them because of their importance for the functioning of the international
labour standards system.
• Labour Inspection Convention, 1947 (C081)
• Employment Policy Convention, 1964 (C122)
• Labour Inspection (Agriculture) Convention, 1969 (C129) 
• Tripartite Consultation (International Labour Standards) Convention, 1976
(C144) 
Ratifications for Nepal
• Nepal joined ILO in 1966.
• Nepal has ratified 11 conventions so far.
• Nepal has ratified 7 out of 8 fundamental conventions, 1 out of 4 governance
conventions and 3 out of 178 technical conventions.
• Out of 11 conventions ratified, no convention has been denounced so far.
• Here are the list of fundamental conventions ratified by Nepal:
 Forced labour convention (3rd January 2002)
Right to organize and collective bargaining convention (11th Nov 1996)
 Equal Remuneration convention (10th June 1976)
Abolition of Forced labour Convention (30th August 2007)
Discrimination Convention (19th Sept 1974)
Minimum Age Convention (30th May 1997)
Ratifications for Nepal contd..
• Worst Forms of Child Labor convention (3rd January 2002)
• Here are the list of Governance conventions ratified by Nepal:
 Tripartite Consultation convention (21st March 1995)

• Here are the list of Technical conventions ratified by Nepal:

Weekly Rest Convention (10th December 1986)
Minimum Wage Fixing Convention (19th September 1974)
Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention (14th September 2007)
THANK YOU