Security Level:

Training on GUL Interoperability

Performance Assessment and
Optimization

www.huawei.com

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

Support Personnel from the R&D Department

Name Employee ID Telephone Number

Chen Chaoyang (GSM)
Ou Yangliang (UMTS)
Yao Zhonglei (LTE)
See the yellow page on
00175342 http://w3.huawei.com.
See the yellow page on
00139855 http://w3.huawei.com.
See the yellow page on
00110011 http://w3.huawei.com.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 2

Chapter 1 Overall Solution
Chapter 2 Service Contents
2.1 GUL Interoperability Performance Assessment
2.2 GUL Interoperability Policy Assessment
2.3 RF Optimization
2.4 Interoperability Policy Optimization

Chapter 3 Related Tools

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 3

Challenges and Background
 Network evolution background: As the network is  Challenge of multi-mode and multi-band: There
being developed rapidly, the operators need to are three modes using five frequency bands. It is
establish multi-mode networks to keep the
difficult for the operators to ensure the network
competitiveness.
performance by performing network planning.
4G LTE
3G
2G
UMTS 900 UMTS 900
G/U/L
MHz/2100 MHz MHz/2100 MHz
GSM/UMTS U/L
GSM G/L GSM 900 GSM 900 GSM 900
MHz/1800 MHz MHz/1800 MHz MHz/1800 MHz

 Different terminal capabilities: It is a key issue  Complicated network interoperability: Different

to keep different types of terminals camping on networks have different coverage and capacities,
proper networks so that they can better enjoy and their services are carried in different
the services. transmission modes. It is difficult to cover blind
zones, balance the traffic, and carry the services.

LTE

UMTS
GSM

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 4

Service Contents
Basic KPI
Handover success
GUL ratio
Based on Interoperability Handover traffic
coverage Performance
Based on load Optimization

GUL
Interoperability GUL
GUL
Policy Interoperability
Interoperability Assessment
Optimization Policy Assessment
and Optimization
Service Based on
coverage
Based on load
RF
optimization
in co-area

The GUL interoperability performance assessment and optimization mainly involve: performance assessment, policy assessment, RF optimization, and performance and policy
optimization.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 5

 Service Delivery Process
Service acceptance
 Effect verification
Interoperability Policy Optimization  Output report
 Service acceptance
 Handover strategy based on
coverage Sign contract
 Handover strategy based on
load

Service preparation
 Workshop
 Test case desc
GUL Co-Operation Audit and
Interoperability Performance
Optimization Service delivery Assessment
 Network KPI assessment
 Traffic and load
assessment

RF Coverage optimization
Interoperability Policy Assessment
 2G/3G/4G handover band  Handover strategy based on coverage
 Weak coverage  Handover strategy based on load
 Blind area

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 6

 START

Workflow of GUL interoperability performance assessment and optimization

001
START

Collect Data and Audit

Collect requirements and project Results
001 information
Accept criteria negotiation
Setup toll platform
Prepare for Service
Data-In-001

002 006
002 003
ti Analyze Data and Analyze Data and
d Audit GUL Inter- no Output Optimization Output Optimization
u Audit GUL Inter-
A Operation Performance
Operation Traffic
it
az Solution n
oi Solution
n KPI i ta
o
tia m zi
re ti
p im
tp
p 004 O
O
- eg 003 O 007
o ar da
C Audit GUL Co-Operation ev
Strategy
o
Execute Optimization
L
U o Execute Optimization L
G C Solution no Solution
n de
Doc-Out-001 o
de sa
sa N B N
005 B y
ge
y
ge 004 ta 008
Need Optimization? ta rt
rt S
S Audit and Verify no Audit and Verify
n
n
oi Optimization Effect tia Optimization Effect
o YES ta re
tia OS re p
iz 006 p O
-o
im
t -O
p o 005
C 009
O Optimize RF Coverage C
n
o
it Meet Meet
ra No Requirements? Requirements?
e
p
O
-
o
C 007
L
U
G Optimize GUL Co- Y
Operation Strategy
010

Output Report Legend

Doc-Out-002
Legend
Huawei
008 Doc-Out-002
Huawei Operator
Communicate and
Accept Service Huawei &
Operator
Operator

Huawei & NOC

Operator
END

NOC
Workflow of GUL interoperability policy assessment and optimization
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 7
Service Objectives and Values

• Improve inter-operation • Better service experience

success ratio, improves loyalty of users:
accessibility and more continuous voice
retainability. and fluent data flow,

Us imp
shorter access time on

ov KPI
• Improve subscribers'

e r r ov
en
satisfaction. the edge of network.

e x em
em
im ork

pe
rie ent
tw
pr
Ne

nc
e
Mobile brand
• Improve operator's ability improvement
of problem process, O rk n
& o
network resource im M e tw atio
management. pr a b N iliz o t • Make full use of the
• Decrease network load,
o v i li
em ty ut rati men resources of the existing
improve network en o ve network with a low load.
t pr
stability. im • Abate expansion
• Introduce new methods pressure of high load
and tools, increase O&M system and save
efficiency, decrease investment.
OPEX.

Page 8
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES
HISILICON CO., LTD.
SEMICONDUCTOR HUAWEI Confidential Page 8
 Chapter 1 Overall Solution
Chapter 2 Service Contents
2.1 GUL Interoperability Performance Assessment
2.2 GUL Interoperability Policy Assessment
2.3 RF Optimization
2.4 Interoperability Policy Optimization

Chapter 3 Related Tools

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 9

 GUL Interoperability Performance Assessment---KPI
Assessment
KPI assessment items: KPI assessment contents:
RRC Connection Setup Success Rate Tendency(RNC231 Claro) RRC.AttConnEs

RRC Connection A ttem pt Tim es

RRC Connec tion S uc c es s Rate

tab.IRATCelRe
RRC setup success rate 14000000 99.75% 7% 11% s
99.70%
12000000 RRC.AttConnEs
RAB setup success rate 99.65%
tab.Reg
10000000
CS call drop rate 99.60% 15%
8000000 99.55% RRC.AttConnEs
PS call drop rate 6000000 99.50% tab.Tm
Basic KPI assessment of 99.45%
UMTS 4000000 45%
Soft handover success rate 99.40% RRC.AttConnEs
2000000 tab.Org
99.35% 22%
0 99.30%
Inter-frequency hard handover success rate 2011-02- 2011-02- 2011-02- 2011-02- 2011-03- 2011-03- 2011-03-
25 26 27 28 01 02 03
RRC.AttConnEs
tab.other
KPI assessment (using UMTS as an
example)
Inter-RAT handover preparation success VS.RRC.AttConnEstab.Cell VS.RRC.SuccConnEstab.Cell.Rate

rate for CS services

Inter-RAT handover success rate for CS services KPI trend assessment Scenario classification
Proportion of inter-RAT handovers for CS services RRC Setup Success Rate Scenario TopN Cells RRC Attempt Fail Analysis
Interoperability KPI
assessment of UMTS Inter-RAT handover success rate for PS services

Process RRC Conn Req

Rate for Diff Causes
100.00%
300000.00

RRC Connection
99.50%
Proportion of inter-RAT handovers for PS services 250000.00

Fail Times
99.00% 200000.00
Proportion of RRC connection setup requests 150000.00
98.50%
100000.00
98.00%
50000.00
97.50% 0.00
231 231

RRC.SuccRate.IRATCelRes RRC.SuccRate.Reg RRC.SuccRate.Org Total RRC Attempt Fail Times of TopN Cells
RRC.SuccRate.Tm RRC.SuccRate.Other Total RRC Attempt Fail Times of All Cells

Scenario-based KPI analysis TOPN analysis

KPI assessment is performed on the OMSTAR platform. After regular counters are entered in the OMSTAR platform, the
OMSTAR platform assesses the network performance according to a specific principle.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 10
GUL Interoperability Performance Assessment---Traffic
Statistics Assessment
Traffic statistics assessment items: Air interface resources

Assessment of UTMS CE resources

resources and load Board resources
Transmission resources

Four
Assessment of basic Number of RRC and RAB setups
UTMS traffic Traffic of CS, PS R99, HSDPA, and
HSUPA services

modules
Traffic assessment (using
UMTS as an example)

Assessment of traffic Number of RAB setups

from UTMS to GSM Number of inter-RAT handovers for
CS and PS services

Assessment of traffic Number of RAB setups for PS services

from UTMS to LTE Number of UMTS-to-LTE service-based
handovers for PS services

Traffic statistics analysis:

HSDPA Traffic Trend (Day)
CS Traffic Trend (Day) PS DL Traffic Trend (Day)
CS Traffic(Erlang)

800000.00
PS Traffic(Kbps)

700.00 900000.00

HS P A T raffic (K bps )
700000.00
600.00 800000.00
700000.00 600000.00
500.00
600000.00 500000.00
400.00 500000.00 400000.00
300.00 400000.00
300000.00 300000.00
200.00
200000.00 200000.00
100.00 100000.00 100000.00
0.00 0.00
0.00
2011-02- 2011-02- 2011-02- 2011-02- 2011-03- 2011-03- 2011-03- 2011- 2011- 2011- 2011- 2011- 2011- 2011-
2011-02- 2011-02- 2011-02- 2011-02- 2011-03- 2011-03- 2011-03-
25 26 27 28 01 02 03 02-25 02-26 02-27 02-28 03-01 03-02 03-03 25 26 27 28 01 02 03

CS Load Traffic Erlang 231 Claro PS DL Throughput Kbps 231 Claro HSDPA Throughput Kbps 231 Claro

The analysis and assessment of specific modules are also based on the OMSTAR platform.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 11

Chapter 1 Overall Solution
Chapter 2 Service Contents
2.1 GUL Interoperability Performance Assessment
2.2 GUL Interoperability Policy Assessment
2.3 RF Optimization
2.4 Interoperability Policy Optimization

Chapter 3 Related Tools

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 12

GUL Interoperability Policy Assessment---Policy
Interoperability The GUL interoperability complies with the following principles:
Camp-on Policy Handover Policy
Scenario
Minimum impact: The newly deployed network should not affect
the stability of the existing networks.
Priorities: LTE > UMTS >
GSM Fewest handovers: Avoid frequent inter-RAT handovers and cell
Coverage-based Priorities: LTE > UMTS >
interoperability GSM reselections.
Directions: LTE -> UMTS ->
GSM, LTE -> GSM Best user perception: It is essential for UEs to preferentially camp
on LTE and UMTS networks so that the UEs can enjoy high-quality
services, with the continuous coverage ensured by the GSM
Priorities: LTE > UMTS > network.
GSM Balanced
Load-based Priorities: LTE > UMTS > load: The LTE and UMTS networks are highly efficient
interoperability GSM
Directions: LTE -> UMTS -> and therefore can share some load of the GSM network. When the
GSM, LTE -> GSM
load in the LTE and UMTS networks is excessively high, the GSM
network can share the load of the LTE and UMTS networks by
carrying some low-speed services of LTE and UMTS UEs.
Problem handling method:
Determine whether it is necessary to implement interoperability according to the GUL interoperability performance assessment results, for
example, the network KPIs, coverage, inter-RAT handover proportion, load status, and congestion status.
Then, analyze the reasonability of the current interoperability policies based on the recommended policies and current parameter configurations.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 13

GUL Interoperability Policy Assessment---Coverage
Inter-operation strategy based on coverage
 Handover and reselection strategy and parameters audit.
 Coverage based on inter-operation among systems was realized well.
 Continuity and QOS of service are guaranteed.

Strategy suggestions:
UE moving
Handover, Strategy optimization should be based on the network structure
reselection
LTE 900 MHz/2600 and operator's requirements, UE capability.
MHz
UMTS network is first selection to expand coverage of LTE

Handover, network, GSM network could be considered when UMTS

UMTS 900 MHz/2100 UMTS 900 MHz/2100 reselection coverage is not continuous.
MHz MHz
bidirectional reselection should be supported among LTE,

UMTS, and GSM.

GSM 900 MHz/1800 GSM 900 MHz/1800 GSM 900 MHz/1800 Realize timely reselection but avoid ping-pang reselection to
MHz MHz MHz
guarantee accessibility and paging

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 14

GUL Interoperability Policy Assessment---Coverage
Parameters (UMTS -> GSM)
IDLE Parameter Name Parameter Meaning Command
Recommended
Impact
Setting

Threshold for inter-RAT cell reselection. When the quality

(CPICH Ec/No measured by a UE) of the serving cell is lower than
SsearchRAT
this threshold plus the [Qqualmin] of the cell, the inter-RAT cell
reselection procedure will be started.
ADD
UCELLSELRESEL
The minimum required quality threshold corresponding to CPICH
Qqualmin Ec/No. The UE can camp on the cell only when the measured
CPICH Ec/No is greater than the value of this parameter.
Qoffset1sn Offset between the neighboring GSM cell and WCDMA cell.
The smaller the value is, the more easily the UE camps on the UMTS
2, that is 4 dB network. The greater the value is, the more easily the inter-RAT
measurement is started.
The greater the value is, the more difficult it is for UEs to camp on the cell.
The smaller the value is, the easier it is for UEs to camp on the cell. But if
-18 dB
the value is excessively small, UEs camping on the cell may not be able to
receive system information carried on the PCCPCH.
During cell selection or resection, the larger the value of the parameter, the
smaller the probability of selecting inter-RAT neighboring cells. The
0 dB
smaller the value of the parameter, the larger the probability of selecting
inter-RAT neighboring cells.

ADD U2GNCELL The greater the value is, the more difficult it is for UEs to perform
reselections to the cell. The smaller the value is, the easier it is for UEs to
-50, that is, -99
Qrxlevmin Minimum RX level of the GSM cell. perform reselections to the cell. But if the value is excessively small, UEs
dBm
camping on the cell may not be able to receive system information in the
GSM cell.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 15

 GUL Interoperability Policy Assessment---Coverage
Parameters (UMTS -> GSM)
Parameter Name Parameter Meaning
Threshold of triggering inter-RAT
InterRATCSThd2DR
measurement for CS services when
SCP
the item to be measured is RSCP
Hystfor2D Hysteresis for event 2D
Interval time between detection of
TrigTime2D event 2D and sending of the
measurement report
Connect
Quality requirement for the cell
of another RAT during inter-RAT
TargetRatCsThd
handover for CS domain
services
Hysteresis for inter-RAT
HystforInterRAT
periodical reporting
Cell individual offset for the GSM
CIOOffset
cell
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Command Recommended Setting Impact
The greater the value is, the easier it is for the compressed mode to be
-100 dBm started. The smaller the value is, the more difficult it is for the compressed
mode to be started.
If this parameter is set to a greater value, the probability of ping-pong
reporting or wrong decision is lower, but the event may not be triggered in
4, that is 2 dB
time. If this parameter is set to a smaller value, ping-pong reporting of
event 2D is likely to occur.
If this parameter is set to a greater value, the probability of incorrect
SET D320, that is 320 ms decision becomes low; however, the handover algorithm becomes slow in
UINTERRATHOCOV/
responding to signal change.
ADD
UCELLINTERRATHO
The smaller the value is, the easier it is for UEs to perform inter-RAT
COV
handovers, whereas the easier it is for ping-pong handovers occur. The
16, that is -95 dBm
greater the value is, the more difficult it is for UEs to perform inter-RAT
handovers, whereas the more easily call drops occur.
If this parameter is set to an excessively great value, the cell of
another RAT where the UE needs to be handed over to must be of
0dB good quality. This increases the probability of call drops. If this
parameter is set to an excessively small value, ping-pong
handovers may easily occur.
This parameter is used for decision making for the inter-RAT handover. A
larger value of the parameter indicates a higher handover priority of the
ADD U2GNCELL 0dB GSM cell. If the parameter is set to an excessively great value, UEs may be
handed over to a GSM cell of poor quality. In this case, call drops may
easily occur.
Huawei Confidential Page 16
 GUL Interoperability Policy Assessment---Coverage
Parameters (LTE -> UMTS)
Parameter Name Parameter Meaning Command Recommended Setting
SNonIntraSearchCfgInd Enable IRAT measurement CFG
IDLE
Threshold to measure Utran/GERAN.
7 [2dB]
SNonIntraSearch MOD CELLRESEL
Ensure this is < ThdToHigh and >= ThrshServLow to avoid ping pong
(-114dBm)
and allow UE time to look for UMTS/GERAN

CellReselPriority LTE priority is always higher than URAN/GERAN 6

CellReselPriorityCfgInd Enable the cell reselection priority configuration ADD UTRANNFREQ CFG

UMTS priority is lower than LTE and higher than GERAN (prefer to stay
CellReselPriority 3
in LTE) ADD
Cell reselection duration of UTRAN cell reselection; Enable SIB6 CELLRESELUTRAN
TReselUtran 1 [s]
broadcast

Connect Parameter Name Parameter Meaning Command Recommended Setting

HoModeSwitch Enable Redirection to Utran switch UtranRedirectSwtich-1

MOD
Enable PS handover to Utran switch (if UE, core network and ENODEBALGOSWITCH
HoModeSwitch UtranPsHoSwitch-1
Utran support)

BlindHoPriority Configure UTRAN as blind handover neighboring cell ADD UTRANNCELL non-zero value (1~32)

The measured RSRQ values vary with the cell load, RSRP is
InterRatHoA1A2TrigQuan RSRP
recommended. MOD
UE need more time to report EcN0, only RSCP report is INTERRATHOCOMM
InterRatHoUtranB1MeasQuan UTRAN_RSCP
recommended to ensure the handover performance.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 17

GUL Interoperability Policy Assessment---Load

Handover strategy based on load

According to current load audit of GUL network, audit inter-RAT handover,
UMTS/LTE
GSM reselection strategy and parameter configuration among different systems and
different bands.

LTE Low load Load Low load Load

balance UMTS carrier 2 balance
UMTS carrier 1
High load
UMTS Low load Low load
GSM 1800 MHz

GSM High load

GSM 900 MHz
High load

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 18

GUL Interoperability Policy Assessment---Load
Assessment
LTE

•Board status assessment

•Optical module status
•Optical port status
•Transmission port status

UMT GSM
S
•Air interface resources
•CE resources •CPU usage of boards
•RNC and NodeB board •Occupancy of circuit
resources resources in the busy state
•Transmission resources •Occupancy of link
•RRC and RAB congestion resources in the busy state
traffic statistics

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 19

GUL Interoperability Policy Assessment---Load
Parameters (UMTS -> GSM)
Parameter Name Parameter Meaning Command Recommended Setting Impact
If this parameter is set to a greater value, the ability of
resisting signal fluctuation improves and the number of
Hystfor3C Hysteresis used for event 3C 0 dB ping-pong handovers decreases; however, the handover
algorithm becomes slow in responding to the signal change.

If this parameter is set to a greater value, the probability of

SET incorrect handover decision becomes low; however, the
Interval time between UINTERRATHONCOV/ handover algorithm becomes slow in responding to signal
detection of event 3C and ADD
TrigTime3C D640 (ms) change. If this parameter is set to a smaller value, the
sending of the measurement UCELLINTERRATHON handover algorithm becomes fast in responding to signal
report COV change; however, the probability of incorrect decision
becomes high.
InterRATNCovHO Quality requirement for the The value of this parameter depends on the handover
CSThd cell of another RAT during policy. It can be set to a greater value so that UEs will not
21, namely -90 dBm
InterRATNCovHO inter-RAT handover for CS be handed over until the quality of the target GSM cell
PSThd domain services meets the requirement.
The greater the value is, the more difficult it is for UEs to
perform reselections to the cell. The smaller the value is,
Cell individual offset for the the easier it is for UEs to perform reselections to the cell.
CIOOffset ADD U2GNCELL 0 dB
GSM cell But if the value is excessively small, UEs camping on the
cell may not be able to receive system information in the
GSM cell.
An inter-RAT handover is only one of the multiple actions
for uplink and downlink LDR. Generally, LDR first
Fourth action for downlink CSINTERRATSHOULDB performs code reshuffling, BE derating, and inter-frequency
DlLdrFourthAction ADD UCELLLDR
LDR ELDHO handover to reduce or balance the cell load. These actions
can be followed by an inter-RAT handover. The inter-RAT
handover is used as the fourth action as an example.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 20

GUL Interoperability Policy Assessment---Load
Parameters (LTE -> UMTS)
Parameter Name Parameter Meaning Command Recommended Setting
Indicates the load balancing switch, MOD IntraFreqActiveMLBSwitch is set to ON, InterFreqMLBSwitch is
MlbAlgoSwitch which is used to enable and disable the CELLALGOSWITC set to ON, UtranMlbSwitch is set to ON, IntraFreqIdleMLBSwitch
load balancing algorithm. H and IntraFreqActiveMLBSwitch are both set to ON
Indicates the threshold for triggering the
inter-frequency load balancing
algorithm. This parameter is used with
the load offset. That is, if the load is
InterFreqMlbThd 60%
higher than the sum of the threshold
and the load offset, the algorithm is
triggered; if the load is lower than the
load threshold, the algorithm is stopped.
Indicates the threshold for triggering the
inter-RAT load balancing algorithm. MOD CELLMLB
InterRatMlbThd 75%
This parameter is used with the load
offset.
Indicates the period of the inter-cell load
LoadExchangePeriod exchange. This parameter is contained 5s
in the load exchange request message.
Indicates the offset used in evaluation
LoadOffset 8%
of whether to trigger MLB.
Indicates the offset used in evaluation
LoadDiffThd 15%
of whether to trigger MLB.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 21

Terminal Capability Assessment

Supporting P band of GSM900

Supporting E band of GSM900
Supporting R band of GSM900
Supporting UMTS
Supporting DCS1800
Not supporting UMTS
Supporting PCS1900
Supporting GSM850
Supporting GSM480
Supporting GSM450

Supporting GSM
Not supporting GSM

The assessment of terminal capabilities is also performed on the OMSTAR platform. Only the terminal brand data is from the PCHR,
and all other information about terminal capabilities is from traffic statistics.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 22
 Chapter 1 Overall Solution
Chapter 2 Service Contents
2.1 GUL Interoperability Performance Assessment
2.2 GUL Interoperability Policy Assessment
2.3 RF Optimization
2.4 Interoperability Policy Optimization

Chapter 3 Related Tools

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 23

RF Optimization
Coverage hole

LTE

RF coverage optimization:
 Because of dramatic improvement, the GSM network can almost provide seamless coverage, with the coverage and capacity in the hot-spot areas
enhanced by the UMTS and LTE networks. Currently, UMTS networks are being established in a large scope to reduce the blind zones or weak
coverage areas, and LTE networks are being established to ensure the coverage in hot-spot areas.

 The inter-RAT coverage optimization should be able to achieve the following effects: minimum impact, fewest handovers, best user perception, and
balanced load.

 Coverage optimization is a fundamental optimization task. It is the basis of other optimization tasks, because improper coverage is one of the major
causes of network problems. Coverage optimization is aimed to ensure that the planned cells provide coverage for proper areas.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 24

 Chapter 1 Overall Solution
Chapter 2 Service Contents
2.1 GUL Interoperability Performance Assessment
2.2 GUL Interoperability Policy Assessment
2.3 RF Optimization
2.4 Interoperability Policy Optimization

Chapter 3 Related Tools

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 25

GUL Interoperability Policy Optimization---Idle Mode
inter-freq reselection strategy The analysis of UE capacity is the basic of strategy optimization.
Strategy suggestions:
UMTS 2100M Priority of reselection: intra-freq > inter-freq > inter-RAT
LTE 2600M
Inter-freq reselection strategy: bidirectional reselection between carriers/bands when
UMTS 2100M
LTE 900M current signal is weak.
UMTS 900M Inter-RAT reselection strategy:
 An LTE UE could reselect to UMTS or GSM (if UMTS is unavailable) on the
GSM 1800M
edge of LTE network, and it prefers reselection back to LTE network when LTE
GSM 900M signals recover.
A UMTS UE could reselect to GSM on the edge of UMTS network, and it prefers
reselection back to UMTS network when UMTS signals recover.

inter-RAT reselection strategy

LTE

UMTS LTE UE
UMTS UE
GSM GSM UE

reselection reselection reselection reselection reselection

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 26

GUL Interoperability Policy Optimization---Connected Mode
Strategy suggestions:
 priority of handover: intra-freq > inter-freq > inter-RAT
inter-freq handover strategy: inter-freq HO between carriers/bands when current signal is weak could save service from disconnection, bidirectional, unidirectional
inter-freq HO could be designed in different scenarios.
inter-RAT handover strategy:
 LTE UEs can be handed over to the UMTS network on the edge of LTE network, or handover to GSM network when there is no coverage, handover modes include
PS handover, CSFB, SRVCC, redirection, and so on. The UEs can be handed over or reselect back to the LTE network when LTE signals recover, and the handover
requires that GUL network and UE should support.
 UMTS UEs can be handed over to the GSM network on the edge of UMTS network, when UMTS signals recover, the UEs can be handed over or reselect (after
service finish) back to UMTS.

Inter-RAT handover strategy

LTE
Service Service
finished finished
UMTS LTE
UE
UMTS
UE
GSM
GSM
UE
Inner-RAT HO Inter-RAT Inner-RAT HO
Inter-RAT Inter-RAT HO/
reselection reselection
HO/ HO/ inner-RAT HO
Inner-RAT HO Inner-RAT HO

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 27

GUL Interoperability Policy Optimization---Load
high priority of inter-freq /inter-band than inter-RAT.
Strategy suggestions:
priority of load balance: inter-freq / inter-band > inter-RAT
realize traffic leading (users on the edge of cell) and load balance among systems or
High load
LTE 2600M carriers /bands through optimization of inter-operation parameters:
Low load cell
LTE 900M First priority
reselection parameters in idle mode
High load handover parameters in connected mode
UMTS 2100M
monitor the traffic and load in all systems and carriers / bands before and after strategy
Low load second priority
UMTS 900M optimization, guarantee traffic balance of integrated network.
Low load
GSM 1800M
High load
GSM 900M

UEs on the coverage edge of :

High load cell: easier to reselect or handover / redirect to low load cells
Low load cell: more difficult to reselect and handover to high load cells reselection

Handover /
redirection
High load Low load Low load
LTE LTE LTE

Low load High load Low load

UMTS UMTS UMTS
Low load Low load High load
GSM GSM GSM

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 28

GUL Interoperability Policy Optimization---Common Problems

Late handover

Ping-pong handover

Common problems

Frequent cell
reselection

Missing
neighboring cells
Redundant
neighboring cells

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 29

 GUL Interoperability Policy Optimization---Late Handover
•Phenomenon
In an office building of the operator, a test engineer initiated a voice call in the
UMTS coverage area and moved to the GSM coverage area with the call ongoing.
Ten such calls are made, but eight or nine call drops occurred.
•Problem Analysis
The test engineer checked the neighboring GSM cell configuration of the UMTS
cell covering the office building and confirmed that the GSM cell covering the
office building is in the list of neighboring GSM cells for the UMTS cell that
covers the office building. The UMTS cell covering the office building is an
outdoor UMTS macro cell. Therefore, there are two iron doors on the test route.
When the test engineer opens a door, enters a room, and closes the door, signals
attenuate dramatically. The UMTS signal strength observed by the scanner is
shown in the following figure.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential
When signals have a dramatic attenuation, a call drop may occur before the UE is successfully handed
over to another cell. To avoid such call drops, the settings of the inter-RAT handover parameters
need to be adjusted to ensure that handovers can be triggered earlier.
 The parameter settings can be adjusted as follows:
 1. Change the cell individual offset (CIO) of the neighboring GSM cell from 0 dB to 5 dB so that
the UE can be handed over to the GSM cell more easily. Then, test the handover performance. The
test result shows that call drops still occur.
 2. Change the 2D RSCP Threshold parameter from -95 dBm to -85 dBm and then to -75 dBm to
ensure that inter-RAT measurements can be triggered more easily. Then, test the handover
performance. The test result shows that call drops still occur.
 3. Change the GSM RSSI Thd parameter from -90 dBm to -95 dBm to ensure that handovers to
GSM cells can be triggered more easily. Then, test the handover performance. The test result
shows that call drops still occur.
 4. Change the 2D Trigger Time parameter from 640 ms to 320 ms and then to 0 ms to ensure that
inter-RAT measurements can be triggered more easily. Then, test the handover performance. The
test result shows that call drops still occur.
 5. Change the measured item from RSCP to Ec/Io and change the 2D Ec/Io Threshold parameter
from -24 dB to -10 dB. Then, test the handover performance. The test result shows that call drops
still occur.
 6. Change the Inter RAT handover trigger time parameter from 5000 ms to 3000 ms to ensure that
the inter-RAT handovers can be triggered more easily. Then, test the handover performance. The
test result shows that call drop problem is alleviated.
 7. Restore the parameters that were changed in step 5.
 8. Change the Inter RAT handover trigger time parameter from 2000 ms to 1000 ms to ensure that
inter-RAT handovers can be triggered more easily. Then, test the handover performance. The test
result shows that call drops never occurred again.
The preceding troubleshooting procedure shows that the Inter RAT handover trigger time parameter is
the most essential to increase the probability of inter-RAT handovers.
Page 30
GUL Interoperability Policy Optimization---Frequent Reselection

Symptom: Traffic statistics show a high ratio of GSM-to-

UMTS cell reselections.

Source UMTS:EcNo<-14dB Problem Analysis: The parameters for GSM-to-UMTS

Target GSM: RSCP>-100dBm cell reselection strategies in idle state are set as follows:
 3G->2G:EcNo< -14dB in UMTS and RSCP >-100dBm in
GSM
GSM  2G->3G:EcNo>-20dB and RSCP>-102dBm in UMST
UMTS
In the weak coverage area of the GSM networks (-20 dB <
EcNo < -14 dB), GSM-to-UMTS cell reselections are
easily triggered.
Target UMTS:EcNo>-20dB
Solution: Change the FDD_QMIN parameter to -14 dB on
RSCP>-102dBm
the GSM side. This imposes strict limitation on the
reselection to the UMTS cell and reduce the GSM-to-
UMTS cell reselections. It reduces the probability that
UEs fail to be called due to frequent inter-RAT cell
reselections, and improves the user perception.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 31

Chapter 1 Overall Solution
Chapter 2 Service Contents
2.1 GUL Interoperability Performance Assessment
2.2 GUL Interoperability Policy Assessment
2.3 RF Optimization
2.4 Interoperability Policy Optimization

Chapter 3 Related Tools

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 32

Related Tools and Versions

Tool Function
iManager M2000 Used for data configuration, alarm management, user tracing.

iManager PRS V1R6 A performance monitoring tool for analysis of network performance.

Omstar V5R6C02(LTE)
A tool for network performance audit check, PCHR analysis
Omstar V5R6C03(G/U)

NIC V1R5 A tool for data collection.

Probe V2R3&Assistant V3R3: DT tools are used for RF coverage
DT suite
optimization.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 33

 Thank You
www.huawei.com

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential