BLOCKCHAIN 

                TECHNOLOGY

PRESENTED BY:
M. Pranav Krishnan- (BL.EN.U4CSE21113)
Mahi Kolli- (BL.EN.U4CSE21119)
M. Jahnavi- (BL.EN.U4CSE21120)
Nemaladdinne Abdul Khadar Jilani- (BL.EN.U4CSE21135)
 INTRODUCTION
A blockchain is a distributed database that
is shared among the nodes of a computer
network.
Blockchains are best known for their
crucial role in cryptocurrency systems,
such as Bitcoin.
Blocks have certain storage capacities and,
when filled, are closed and linked to the
previously filled block, forming a chain of
data known as the blockchain.
HISTORY OF BLOCKCHAIN

Ø In 1991 Stuart Haber and

W.Scott worked on cryptography to
secure a chain of blocks.
Ø Satoshi Nakamoto first introduced
decentralized blockchain in the year
2008.
Ø The aim is to provide secure
transactions without the need for
trusted parties.
Ø  On 12th Jan 2009 first bitcoin
transaction took place. 
HOW BLOCKCHAIN
IS BUILT
 Blockchain is a chain of
blocks that contains
information.

 Each block is divided into

three types :
       Data 
       Hash
       Hash of the previous block
DATA
  It is information that is stored inside a block.
     Example:-

Hash
  Hash is just like our fingerprint which is unique to each block.
  It identifies the block and the content present in it.
HASH OF PREVIOUS
BLOCK
Example:- 

 Consider a chain of 3 blocks

 Block 2 contains the hash of
block 1
 And Block 3 contains the
hash of block 2
 Node:-
• A decentralized
digital ledger that
records all Blockchain consist
transaction and of three elements
makes the
information available
to everyone.

WORKING OF 
BLOCKCHAIN

Miner:- Block:-
• They create new
• It stores the
blocks on the chain
information of all
through process
transactions.
called mining.
 HOW BLOCKCHAIN TRANSACTION WORKS
  Some person requests a transaction. The transaction could be involved
cryptocurrency, contracts, records or other information.
 The requested transaction is broadcasted to a P2P network with the help of
nodes.
FOR EXAMPLE:-
  If Alice needs to send 2 bitcoins to Bob.

  Then she broadcast the message to the miners in the network that she wants to
make a transaction.
  She needs to provide the details as follows
 Once the miner confirms the transaction is valid. 

 Then he adds the block into the chain of blocks.

  The transactions are completed.

 TYPES OF BLOCKCHAIN
Public blockchains.
Private blockchains.
Hybrid/Federated blockchains.
Cryptocurrency
Early stages. 

Stages of currency. 

It is a collection of binary data which is designed to work as a

medium of exchange.
ADVANTAGES OF
CRYPTOCURRENCY :

 Protection from inflation
 Decentralized 
 Self-governed and managed 
 NO NEED FOR BANKS 
 Security and privacy 
 Currency exchanges smoothly 
THE
CRYPTO
RAGE
 TYPES OF
 The most popular one: bitcoin 
CRYPTOCURRENCI  Altcoins ( non-bitcoin cryptocurrency )
ES :   Tokens 
 Ethereum 
 Cardano 
 Binance coin 
 Tether
 Litecoin
 Xrp
 USD (USDC)
DISADVANTAGE
S : 
 Volatility 
 Not accepted as a form of
payment in most places.
 Environmental concern 
 Lack of awareness 
 Risk of data loss
 Complex technique 
 Power in the hands of few
people
TIPS TO INVEST:
 Choose Your Cryptocurrency. 

 Choose a Platform to Buy Cryptocurrencies.

 Store Your Cryptocurrency. 

 Secure Your Cryptocurrency.

 Allocate Only a Small Percentage of Your Portfolio to

Cryptocurrencies. 
 The USA
China
INCREASED
REGULATION IN United kingdom 
2021:
Korea
South Africa 
ARCHITECTURE OF CRYPTOCURRENCIES
MINING
 Solving complicated mathematical problems to create new
crypto currencies. 
 When a person invests in a cryptocurrency, the transaction
details are recorded on a distributed database known as the
blockchain. 
 Only when a miner confirms that the transaction is valid is
the process complete. 
 The transaction has been recorded on the blockchain for
all to see, and it is complete. 
Ø Miners must answer difficult equations as part of the
verification procedure. 
BLOCKCHAIN ASPECTS
 Immutability.

 Security.

 Transparency.

 Consensus. 

 Decentralized. 
 NODES
 Decentralized digital
ledger that records all
cryptocurrency transacti
ons.

  Task of a blockchain
node is to verify each
block of network
transactions. 
TIMESTAMPS
 Small data stored in each block as a
unique serial.
  Determine the exact moment in which
the block has been mined and validated
by the blockchain network.
 Establish the parameters of the process
of mining.
  Allow nodes to adjust the mining
correctly. 
  Important for keeping records.
 SMART CONTRACTS
Ø Simple programs stored on a blockchain that run when
certain conditions are met. 
Ø Used to automate the implementation of an agreement so that
all stakeholders can be assured of the result right
away, without the need for an intermediary or time loss. 
Ø Many platforms and apps built using blockchain or distributed
ledger technology depend heavily on smart contracts. 
Ø They can also automate a workflow.
Ø Simple "if/when...then..." statements are written into code on
a blockchain to make smart contracts work.
Working of Smart contracts
 Benefits
of smart contracts
  NFTS
 (NON-FUNGIBLE TOKENS)

 A non-fungible token is a unique and non-

interchangeable unit of data stored on a
blockchain, a form of digital ledger.

 NFTs can be associated with reproducible

digital files such as photos, videos, and audio.
BLOCKCHAIN IN
GAMING
 Blockchain games are games
created with blockchain
technology.

 Blockchains are the next step in

the evolution of open-source
software because of the low
entrance barrier
BLOCKCHAIN IN HEALTHCARE
Securing Patient Data:
 

 Blockchain's ability to keep an incorruptible, decentralized and

transparent log of all patient data makes it a technology rife for
security applications.

 The decentralized nature of the technology also allows patients,

doctors and healthcare providers to share the same information
quickly and safely. 
SOME COMPANIES
WHICH HELP PROTECT
PATIENT DATA:
 BurstIQ
 Factom
 MedicalChain
 Akiri
 ProCredEx
 GENOMICS:
 Genomics is an interdisciplinary
field of biology focusing on the
structure, function, evolution,
mapping, and editing of genomes.

 Blockchain is a perfect fit for this

growing industry as it can safely
house billions of genetic data
points.
FUTURE USES
Blockchain Interoperability: 
 Blockchain interoperability is defined as
the process of operations between two or
more blockchains. 

 In layman language, blockchain

interoperability is the communication
mechanism between two or more
blockchains.
BLOCKCHAIN BASED
METAVERSE 
 A metaverse is a network of 3D
virtual worlds focused on social
connection. 

 It can also be defined as an

iteration of the Internet as a
virtual world that is facilitated by
the use of virtual and augmented
reality headsets.
  ADVANTAGES               DISADVANTAGES 
Ø  Security.  Slower process.
Ø  Faster Processing. Ø  Immutability.
Ø  Reduced cost.   Self-Maintenance.
Ø  Transparency.
Ø  Trust.
THANK YOU!