THE FERTILE

CRESCENT
Civilization
CIVILIZATION

An advanced level of culture,usually characterized by organized government

and religion,division of labor, a class structure and a system of writing.

It originate from a Latin word “civitas” which means city

Fertile Crescent is an
area that is rich in
resources and is
shaped like a
crescent as to why it
is called as Fertile
Crescent
 Fertile Crescent
ADVANTAGES
• It is rich in natural resources.
• It is the crossroad of Asia, Africa
and Europe thus it is good place
for trade and commerce.
• Contact among other people led
to an exchange of ideas that
brought about great
achievements
DISADVANTAGES
• It can easily be invaded due to
few natural barriers.
• It is difficult to unite the people
because of the diversity of
people in the region
MESOPOTAMIA
It is the land
between Tigris and
Euphrates River.
A part of Fertile
Crescent.
It is now called Iraq
 SUMERIANS

• Established the earliest civilization in the

world.
• They lived in the Southern Mesopotamia.
• Their ruler was called as king and the
position is hereditary.
• They were farmers and city builders
• They established the first city-state –UR
• They established a form of government
called Theocracy ( form of government in
which the ruler is seen either as god or as
the chosen representative of god).
SUMERIAN
INVENTION

• They invented the form of

writing called CUNEIFORM
– (a form of writing on wet
clay tablets using a wedge-
like writing tool- STYLUS) .
• They also developed a very
accurate lunar calendar with
12mos.
• They calculated the number
of full moons in combination
with which stars were in the
sky at any given time of year.
SUMERIAN • They invented a rounded roofs in
the shape of dome or vaults.
INVENTION
SUMERIAN • (MATH)

INVENTIONS • They invented the sexagesimal

system based on the number
60:60sec in a minute; 60 mins in an
hour
 THE ZIGGURAT
The place of worship of
the Sumerians.

They were polytheist –

people who worship many
gods