History of

Engineering and
Technology

Presented by:
Salma Tarek
Table of contents

– Definition of Engineering
– Definition of technology and it’s evolution
– History of Engineering and technology evolution
– Engineering in ancient Egypt
– Middle ages
– European Renaissance
– Modern era
– Greatest Engineering Achievements of the 20th Century.
Definition of Engineering

Engineering The creative application of scientific principles to design

or develop structures.
Or
It is the practical application of any scientific principals.
Technology and its evolution

– Technology :is the sum of techniques, skills, methods,

and processes used in the production of goods or services 
– Technology has been evolved through history to satisfy the needs
of humanity
– It begins with simple tools and evolves to complicated machines
with complicated system
A Brief history of engineering and the evaluation of technology

– The science of engineering started in ancient Egypt

– The earliest civil engineer known by name is Imhotep As one of
the officials of the Pharaoh
–  He probably designed and supervised the construction of the
Pyramid of Djoser (the Step Pyramid) at Saqqara in Egypt 
 Middle ages(Islamic golden ages)

– The earliest practical wind-powered machines, the windmill and wind pump, first

appeared in the Muslim world during the Islamic Golden Age
– The earliest practical steam-powered machine was a steam jack steam turbine
 described  by Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ma’ruf
–  The spinning wheel was invented in the Islamic world by the early 11th century
that it was fundamental to the growth of the cotton industry
European Renaissance

– The first steam engine was built in 1698 by mechanical

engineer Thomas Savery. The development of this device gave rise
to the industrial revolution in the coming decades, allowing for the
beginnings of mass production.
 Modern era

– The inventions of Thomas Savery and the Scottish engineer James Watt gave rise
to modern Mechanical Engineering
– The discipline of Electrical Engineering was shaped by the experiments
of Alessandro Volta in the 19th century
– The experiments of Michael Faraday, Georg Ohm and others and the invention of
the electric motor
 Modern era

The work of James Maxwell and Heinrich Hertz in the late 19th

century gave rise to the field of Electronics. The later inventions of
the vacuum tube and the  transistor
Greatest Engineering Achievements of the 20th
Century

– Spacecraft
 NASA engineers are designing the most powerful rockets
intended for deep space exploration and building instruments
that can sniff out water on Mars
– Nuclear engineering
 It is the branch of engineering concerned with the application of
breaking down or combining the atomic nuclei or with the
application of other sub-atomic processes based on the
principles of nuclear physics.
Question

– How was the steam engine important to us now?

– How is the transistor used in our every day life?

Thank you
Any Questions?
Answers

– The steam engine was one the first steps in the development of the machines
and technology in this era which lead to the advanced development in
technology that we have now
– Transistors is now used in a lot of our every day life from the huge machines in
the factories to our mobile phone