NATIONALISM IN INDIA

CONTENT
INTRODUCTION
FIRST WORLD WAR
 THE IDEA OF SATYAGRAHA
ROWLATT ACT (1919)
JALLIANWALA BAGH
KHILAFAT MOVEMENT
NON – COOPERATION MOVEMENT
 INRODUCTION
 The Early Nationalists were a group of political leaders in
India active between 1885 and 1907. Their emergence
marked the beginning of the organised national movement
in India. Some of the important moderate leaders were
Pherozeshah Mehta and Dadabhai Naoroji.  
 Raja Ram Mohan Roy is known as the father of Indian
nationalism and the father of Indian renaissance and the
prophet of Indian nationalism. He started the Brahmo Samaj
in 1828.
THE FIRST WORLD WAR
 The first of these Indian troops arrived in Marseilles on 26
September 1914. They came from the Lahore and Meerut
Divisions and the Secunderbad Cavalry.
 The first world war was from 28 july 1914 – 11 november 1918
 On the eve of war in 1914, twenty nine indian states were
providing soldiers for the Imperial Service Troops scheme. These
totalled 22,479 of whom 7,673 were cavalry, 10,298 infantry and
2,723 transport corps.
 The Allies won World War I after four years of combat and the
deaths of some 8.5 million soldiers as a result of battle wounds or
disease
THE IDEA OF SATYAGRAHA
 Satyagraha was a novel method of mass agitation, which
stressed the principle of truth, tolerance, non-violence
and peaceful protests.
 Satyagraha supported that for true cause and struggle
against injustice, physical force is not required to fight
with the oppressor.
 Satyagraha concept introduced in the early 20th century
by Mahatma Gandhi
 Gandhiji 's policy of truth and non-violence was the
most important feature of satyagrah.
 ROWLATT ACT
 The Rowlatt Act was introduced in the year 1919 by the British
government and on the recommendation of the Rowlatt
Committee formed in 1917.
 Rowlatt Act of 1919 is known as the black act as it severely
curtailed civil liberties. The law made it possible for the British
government to jail anyone suspected of plotting or overthrowing
the government in jail even without a trial and to try them without
any jury.
 Reginald Edward Harry Dyer British general remembered for
his role in the Massacre of Amritsar in India, in 1919.
JALLIANWALA BAGH MASSACRE
 The Rowlatt Act (Black Act) was passed on March 10, 1919,
authorizing the government to imprison or confine, without a
trial, any person associated with seditious activities. This led to
nationwide unrest. Gandhi initiated Satyagraha to protest
against the Rowlatt Act.
 According to an official record around 379 people were killed
and and about 1,200 more were wounded.
 General Dyer opened fire on the gathering at Jallianwala Bagh
in order to strictly enforce Martial Law prevailing that was
in effect at Amritsar during the time. General Dyer also
wanted to spread the message that there would be no
disobedience to rule of the British colonials in India.
 KHILAFAT MOVEMENT
 The Khilafat movement also known as the Indian Muslim movement
(1919–24), was a pan-Islamist political protest campaign launched by
Muslims of British India.
 Gandhi'sembrace of the Khilafat movement, founded by the fiery Ali
brothers Maulana Mohammed Ali  and Shaukat Ali, and Maulana Abul
Kalam Azad made it one of the main planks of the Non-Cooperation
Movement.
 The Khilafat movement continued as Muslims were against the British
government for fighting against Turkey in the First World War. However,
the movement died when the new ruler of Turkey, Kemal Attaturk in
1924 abolished the Khilafat and exiled the Khalifa, Muhammad VI.
NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT
 The non-cooperation movement was a political campaign led by
Mahatma Gandhi to have Indians revoke their cooperation from the
British government, with the aim of inducing the British to grant
self-governance and full independence (Purna Swaraj) to India.
 September 1920, in Congress session in Calcutta, the party
introduced the Non-Cooperation programme. The period of the non-
cooperation movement is taken as September 1920 to February
1922. It signified a new chapter in the history of the Indian freedom
struggle.
 The movement was aimed at undoing the injustices done to Punjab
and Turkey, and the attainment of Swaraj. This was known as the
Non-Cooperation Movement.
GALLERY