Lecture 4

WATERFRONT DEVELOPMENT
The land alongside a body of water, be it an
ocean, lake, river or stream,
• Should not be considered as a line but a
network of places, functions, additions and
hinges, between the coast of cities, between
port and urban activities
• Any building in the waterfront should boost
activity in the public space
 TYPES OF RIVERFRONT:
• Cultural Riverfronts - sense of community, festivity, artistic expression,
recreation, commercial bustle.
• Environmental Riverfronts - "Design with nature", might include shore
stabilization, wetland preservation, prairie restoration etc.
• Historic Riverfronts - "A sense of uniqueness and character" to a place. Provide
a special educational experience by preserving the cultural heritage of place.
• Mixed-use Riverfronts - dynamic space containing various activities blended to
complement each other.
• Recreational Riverfronts - "The place of community gathering". parks, gardens,
picnic areas, walking, cycling and water related activities including boating,
fishing, etc.
• Residential Riverfronts - Housings, creates opportunities for other activities like
retail, recreation, restaurants.
• Working Riverfronts - river-related activity such as fishing, boat repair, etc.
Waterfront- The land alongside a body of water, be it an ocean, lake, river or
stream
 ADVANTAGES:
• Creation of jobs- a place to host commercial activities
• Source of revenue for government –shops, restaurants, sport activities,
transportation, boating etc
• Development of tourism by offering a variety of attractions like water sports,
entertainment arenas, parks, shopping areas, etc.
• Economic spin-off’s – rise in the value of properties, acting as a catalyst for
redevelopment and renewal of nearby places.
• Habitat protection and restoration -Conservation of water in the river,
Human/Environmental connections, Conservation and development of land,
Conservation of flora and fauna
• Maintenance of river bank.
• Flood control measures
• Provide the general public with an open space for leisure and recreation. 
Revitalizing the neighborhood
• Creates a healthy and active urban environment.
 AHMEDABAD
• Known for its textile mills, Gandhi Ashram, Muslim architecture and
communal violence
• City‟s history allows a range of vocabulary, elements
one can choose from and mobilize in order to articulate different imaginations
• Marred by communal conflicts, seen as an economic hub, abysmal income
disparity between west and east
• Since 2000s focus on development but skewed
• Time period in focus: Narendra Modi govt+ IT boom
• Promise of the metropolis: IT boom and the rise of the megacity
• Megacity= 10 million or above, Ahmedabad=50 million+
• Inside urbanising Asia: Darshini Mahadevia
• Essential to look into: governance, financing infrastructure and hence a
pattern of selective development. This is background, it will show how the
narrative of development is problematic and serves only middle class
imagination.
“It‟s like a dream that one lives. Waking up by the
river, driving down the riverside; board meeting with vast blue vista in the background
and then a cruise ,across the water for a power lunch on the other bank. And then, a
dinner on the gloating restaurant with family to chill out…In the midst of concrete and
steel that is the dream that city planners are conjuring for welcoming the city.”
City as an aesthetic object, a site for
performative
art: lifetsyle, cultural traditions, rituals,
Ahmedabad and Sabarmati: the
relationship of the
city (as a populated space) and the
river, will it be
altered by this?
Embellishing vandalism
Logic of e-governance: sacrifice for a
greater good
Sabarmati River Front Development Project
Sabarmati has been an integral part in the life of
Ahmedabad…
•It is an important source of water for the
city
•A space for cultural and recreational
activities
Project Objectives
1.Reconnect the city to the river Bring back focus to the center city
2.Create a conducive urban Reconnect the city to the river
environment
3.Create an identity for the city

Key aspects of the Project

1. Overall environmental improvement
2. Creating high quality public open spaces
3. Providing adequate public access to the river
4. Rehabilitating the slums
5. Creating vibrant urban neighborhoods
6. Providing city level infrastructure
Financing of the PROJECT
• Estimated Cost (2005 price)
Phase-1= Rs. 824.24 cr. (under construction)
Phase-2 = Rs. 462.93 cr.
• Equity of AMC = Rs. 75 cr.
• Loan from HUDCO = Rs. 550 cr.
• Loan servicing being done by AMC
• Source of Revenue: 20% of the reclaimed
land to be allotted for commercial
development
Construction Work Provision of an
• Diaphragm wall, Anchor slab & Ghaats integrated storm
• Earthfilling water and sewage
• Retaining wall drainage system
• Diversion of Sewer
• Diversion of sewers
connecting all sewage
outfalls
•A main trunk sewer
connecting all such
outfalls to the STP
•Pumping stations at
regular intervals
Based on Hydrological Study by NIH Roorkie
and IIT Roorkie
the clearance height of bridges will be
increased by 1 mtr.
Public access to the riverfront

Establishing and strengthening accessibility to and along the riverfront

•Improved pedestrian and bicycle circulation
•New transportation systems along the river
•Opening up visual vistas
 Slum rehabilitation and informal activities

Accommodating the project affected section in the overall plan

•Reorganizing the existing informal markets and creating new
opportunities along the river
•Provide new housing as a part of slum rehabilitation
 New urban neighborhoods

Creating opportunities for new developments by integrating with the existing

•Creating a business district
•Commercial / Retail
•Residential
River Promenade
Progress of Execution
TRANSFER OF DEVELOPMENT RIGHTS (TDR)
 WHAT IS TDR
Transfer of Development Rights (TDR) means making available certain
amount of additional built up area in lieu of the area relinquished or
surrendered by the owner of the land, so that he can use extra built up
area either himself or transfer it to another in need of the extra built up
area for an agreed sum of money.

Or

Transfer of Development Rights (TDR) is a voluntary, incentive- based

program that allows landowners to sell development rights from their land
to a developer or other interested party who then can use these rights to
increase the density of development at another designated location.
 Purpose of TDR:
The process of land acquisition in urban areas for public purpose especially
for road widening, parks and play grounds, schools etc., is complicated,
costly and time consuming. In order to minimize the time needed and to
enable a process, which could be advantageously put into practice to acquire
land for reservation purposes mentioned above.

Legal Basis for TDR:

The Government of Karnataka felt it necessary to amend the K.T.C.P Act 1961 in
order to empower the local bodies (Corporations / Planning Authorities) to
permit additional FAR for the land handed over free of cost whenever such lands
are required for road widening, and / or for formation of new roads or for
development of parks, playgrounds and other civic amenities etc. As a result the
Government has inserted a new section 14B in the K.T.C.P Act 1961.
 Zones of TDR:
Based on the intensity of development, the city is divided into intensively developed (A-
zone), moderately developed (B-zone) and sparsely developed (C-zone) zones in the plan.
The transfer of Development Rights shall be from intensely developed zone to other
zones and not vice versa.

Development Rights Certificate (DRC), whether transferable /

Inheritable:
If the owner of any land which is required for road widening for formation of
new roads or development of parks, play grounds, civic amenities etc., those
proposed in the plan shall be eligible for the award of Transferable
Development Rights. Such award will entitle the owner of the land in the form
of a Development Rights Certificate (DRC). Which he may use for himself or
transfer to any other person.
1. The DRC so permitted may be utilized either at the remaining portion
of the area after surrender which will be limited to a maximum of 0.6

Utilization of DRC:
times eligible floor area ratio as additional floor area ratio in lieu of
transfer of DRC, irrespective of road width.
2. The receiving plot shall abut not less than 12 mtr. wide road.
3. The receiving plot can utilize a maximum of 0.6 times the eligible FAR
for that plot.
4. The utilization of DRC in favour of NRI or Foreign Nationals will be
subject to rules and regulations of the RBI.
5. The Authority may charge a fee of Rupees one hundred for grant /
transfer / utilization / revalidation etc., of DRC.
6. The TDR will be allowed to be utilized in multiples of 10 sq.mtrs only,
except the last remainder.
7. The instrument of utilization of DRC shall have to be executed by both
the parties – transferer and transferee.
8. For each request to utilize the DRC separate utilization form shall be
submitted to the Authority.
9. The utilization form requesting to utilize the DRC shall be valid for six
months from the date of issue of utilization form.
10. The DRC shall be valid for a period of 5 years. However, the same
will be revalidated for a further period of 5 years. The DRC shall
however, shall lapse after expiry of 10 years.
11. The Authority may reject / cancel the grant of DRC in the following
circumstances:
a) If any dues payable by the owners of the property to the State
Government / Local Authority, prior to the date of handing over
physical possession of the properties to the (Bangalore
Mahanagara Palike) Authority.
b) Where DRC is obtained by fraudulent means,
c) Where there is a dispute on the title of the land, till settled by the
competent court.