Subject- Aeronautical Navigation

Topic- Air Navigation Basics

Subtopic- Coordinates
Lesson Objective- At the end of the lesson you will be able to
1. Identify meridians of longitude on the globe.
2. contrast between Rhumb line & great circle distance.
Mind Map LO: Describe the structure of the earth.

Take 5 minutes to recall what we have learned in the last topic.

Make a mind map in your exercise book.

Meridians
A Meridian is half of great circle
that joins the poles.

It runs in North-South direction.

Cuts equator at 90 degrees.

How many Meridians can you locate on your globe?

Parallels of Latitude
They are the parallel circles from the
equator up to poles

They are measured in degrees.

The equator lies at zero degrees

latitude.

They run in East-West direction.

Hint: Look at 231/2 ° N & S, 671/2 ° N & S.

How many vital parallels of latitude can you locate on the globe?
Look at these flight maps

Do you think they are taking a longer route than required?

Why?
Rhumb Line
A Rhumb line is a regularly curved line on the surface of the earth
-That cuts all the meridians at the same angle.

Only 1 Rhumb line is possible trough 2 points.

Not a great circle except Meridian or Equator.

All parallels of latitudes are Rhumb lines.

It is not the shortest distance between 2 points.

Activity
Draw a straight line on
your maps between Doha
Airport and JFK Airport.

Write 3 cities it passes

through.

Now draw a line on the

globe between the 2 cities.

See if the line on the globe

passes through the same
cities?
Rhumb Line track Vs Great circle track
The line you drew on the map The line you drew on the globe
was Rhumb line. is the great circle.

It is not the shortest distance It is the shortest distance

between 2 points. between 2 points.

It looks a straight line on maps. It looks curved on the maps.

Generally used for short The difference in distance is

distance of up to 600 nm. greatest over long distance.

So which Navigation is suitable to fly to JFK from HIA?

 Just a minute

You will be given a word.

You have to explain the word without giving the word away (in 1
minute).
The rest of the class have to guess.
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 Summary
1. Meridians- They are Half circles, runs N-S, cuts equator at 90° .

2. Parallels of latitude- Parallel circles from equator to poles, runs W-E.

3. Rhumb line- Curved lines, cuts all the meridians at same angle.

4. Rhumb line track is longer than great circle track.

5. Rhumb line looks straight on the maps so its easier to maintain the
heading throughout the journey.