Geography:

Chapter:- Population
Book:- India people and Economy

RAVI RAJ KAMAL

3/8/2020 1
 Chapter Overview

Population

Distribution Density Growth Composition

RAVI RAJ KAMAL

3/8/2020 2
 Introduction

• The people are very important component of a country. India

is the second most populous country after China in the world
with its total population of 1,210 million (2011).
• India’s population is larger than the total population of North
America, South America and Australia put together.

RAVI RAJ KAMAL

3/8/2020 3
What is Population?

• The term population refers to number of people living in a

geographical area in a given time period.
• Sources of Population Data
 Population data are collected through Census operation held every 10 years in our
country. The first population Census in India was conducted in 1872 but its first
complete Census was conducted only in 1881.

RAVI RAJ KAMAL

3/8/2020 4
 Distribution of population
• India has a highly uneven pattern of population
distribution. The percentage shares of
population of the states and Union Territories
in the country show that Uttar Pradesh has the
highest population followed by Maharashtra,
Bihar and West Bengal.
• States like UP, Maharashtra, Bihar, WB, AP,
TN, MP, Rajasthan, Karnataka, Gujarat
account for about 76% of population.
• On the other hand J&K, Arunachal Pradesh
and Uttarakhand account for around 2% of
population inspite of fairly large geographical
area.
RAVI RAJ KAMAL
3/8/2020 5
 Population Density
• Density of population, is
expressed as number of
persons per unit area. It helps
in getting a better
understanding of the spatial
distribution of population in
relation to land.
• The density of population in
India (2011) is 382 persons per
sq. km.

RAVI RAJ KAMAL

3/8/2020 6
Population Growth
• Growth of population is the change in the number of people living in a particular
area between two points of time.
• Its rate is expressed in percentage.
• Two component of Population Growth
 Natural (Birth Rate & Death Rate)
 Induced (Migration)

RAVI RAJ KAMAL

3/8/2020 7
Four phases of Population Growth

1901-1921, Stagnant 1921-1951, Period of 1951-1981, period of 1981- present, the growth
Phase I

Phase III

Phase IV
Phase II
Population Growth, steady population population explosion in rate of country’s
even negative growth growth, India which was caused population though
b/w 10911-1921. An overall by a rapid fall in the remained high, has
Factor-Both BR & DR improvement in health mortality rate but a started slowing down
were high, poor Health and sanitation high fertility rate of gradually.
Facility, insufficient throughout the country population. After This was, in turn,
distribution of food brought down the Independence affected by an increase
mortality rate. At the developmental in the mean age at
same time better activities were marriage, improved
transport and introduced. Massive quality of life
communication system migration of Tibetans, particularly education
improved distribution Bangladeshis, Nepalese of females in the
system. people. country.

RAVI RAJ KAMAL

3/8/2020 8
 Population Composition

• Population composition is a distinct field of study within population

geography with a vast coverage of analysis of age and sex, place of
residence, ethnic characteristics, tribes, language, religion, marital
status, literacy and education, occupational characteristics, etc.
• In this section, the composition of Indian population with respect to
their rural-urban characteristics, language, religion and pattern of
occupation will be discussed.

RAVI RAJ KAMAL

3/8/2020 9
Question:-
Which state has lowest population density?
Give answer in comment section.

3/8/2020 RAVI RAJ KAMAL 10