SALAZAR’S

CONTRIBUTION
KULULUWA & GINHAWA
-CHRISTIAN FILIPINO CONCEPT

PREPARED BY:
ZYNDRYX SORIANO INSTRUCTOR:

RHODA PAYUMO SANTOS HARVEY TORRES

WHO IS ZEUS SALAZAR?

• Zeus Atayza Salazar he

was born on April 20, 1934
Zeus A. Salazar is a Filipino
historian, anthropologist, and
philosopher of history, best
known in pioneering an emic
perspective in Philippine history
called Pantayong Pananaw,
earning him the title “Father of
New Philippine Historiography.”
• In 1985, historian Zeus A. Salazar identified four different traditions upon which
Philippine psychology can be traced: Academic Scientific Psychology or Akademiko-
siyentipikal na Sikolohiya: This follows the American-oriented psychological
tradition that can be traced back to Wilhelm Wundt in 1876.
• Zeus Salazar is a Filipino historian and proponent of Pantayong Pananaw, a self-
reflective view in the study of Philippine history. He finished his B.A. in History at
the University of the Philippines Diliman and his Ph. D. in Ethnology at Sorbonne
University in Paris, France.
• The pantayong pananaw (also called Bagong Kasaysayan, or New History) is
currently the most theoretically elaborate articulation of an indigenized social
science perspective that offers a viable alternative to (Western) positivist social
science.
• His main research interests are world history and Southeast Asian studies, with
special emphasis on the Philippines. He has published Culture and Customs of the
Philippines (2002) and contributed various studies in the history of the study of
Southeast Asia.
WHAT ZEUS SALAZAR SAID ABOUT HISTORY?

• In each ending spiel, we quote Zeus Salazar who said, “Ang kasaysayan ay mga
salaysay na may saysay.” (Kasaysayan, the Filipino equivalent term for “history,”
are narratives with meaning – both words could mean “saysay” in Filipino too.)
KALULUWA

• The equivalent concept of the “soul” — “kaluluwa” in Tagalog, “kalag” in Visayan

and “kaladwa” in Pampango. … The “kaluluwa” is the life force located in our
brain, and is the one that gives us our feelings and our will as “tao.” Our ancestors
believed that our “kaluluwa” has an alignment in heaven.
• For the Tagalogs, kaluluwa refers more to the soul of a deceased. Person and less to
that of a living person. According to Jocano, the. Soul of a living person is his
kakambal (twin or double).
GINHAWA

• Ginhawa, as a concept about wellness and wellbeing, intersects with and connects to
the conceptualization of Filipino personhood in Sikolohiyang Pilipino/Filipino
psychology. Ginhawa is always embedded in culture and community.
• In Ilonggo and in other Visayan languages it means ‘breath.’ In Filipino, much like
in many Eastern traditions, breath is more than physical. It is the starting point of
life,” Tolentino explained. “ Ginhawa also means ease of breath which is equated
with ease of life.”
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