Politics, Government &

Laws

Chatper 3
POLITICS
Politics
 Politics is the study or
practice of the distribution of power and
resources within a given community

 A variety of methods are

employed in politics, which include
promoting one's own political views among
people, negotiation with other political
subjects, making laws, and exercising force,
including warfare against adversaries
 Politics is exercised on a wide
range of social levels,
from clans and tribes of traditional
societies, through modern local
governments, companies and
institutions up to sovereign states,
to the international level.
Philippine Politics
 took place in an organized framework
of a presidential, representative, and
democratic republic whereby the president is
both the head of state and the head of
government within a pluriform multi-party
system.

 This system revolves around three separate

and sovereign yet interdependent branches
Government
The Government
 The state expresses & enforces its will
through the government
 The government exists for the benefit of the
people
 It promotes the physical, economic,
& socio- cultural well being
of the people
 It administers social justice, promotes
progress & development, security &
protection
Legislative Branch Judicial Branch

Executive Branch
 Executive power is exercised by
the government under the leadership of the
president.
 Legislative power is vested in both the
government and the two-chamber Congress: the
Senate (the upper chamber) and the House of
Representatives (the lower chamber).
 Judicial power is vested in the courts with
the Supreme Court of the Philippines as the highest
judicial body.
Classifications of
Government
 Is a political
system based
upon the
undivided
sovereignty or
rule of a
single person.
 It cames from
Aristokratia, a Greek
word meaning rule
of the best.
 This is why both
Aristotle and Plato
considered
aristocracy to be
the best type of
governance.
Oligarchic
 Is the rule of the
chosen few, and
these chosen few
happen to be
the rich and the
privileged in
Oligarchy.
 It is a form of
government in
which all eligible
citizens have an
equal say in the
decisions that
affect their lives.
Federal Government
 -this is one in
which the powers
of the Government
are divided into
two sets of organs,
one for the
national affairs,
and the other for
local affairs.
Civil Government
 The affairs of
the state are

administered
and Directed by
the citizens or
by their
representatives
Laws
Laws
 a system of rules which are
enforced through social institutions
to govern behaviour
 Laws can be made by legislatures
through legislation, the executive through
decrees and regulations, or judges
through binding precedents.
 The law shapes politics, economics,
and society in various ways and serves as a
mediator of relations between people.
International law
 Can refer to three things:
(a) public international law,
(b) conflict of laws
(c)the law of supranational
organisations.
Public International Law
 concerns relationships between sovereign
nations.
 Public international law can be formed by
international organisations, such as the United
Nations, the International Labour Organization,
the World Trade Organization, or the
International Monetary Fund.
Conflict of Laws
 concerns which jurisdiction a legal dispute
between private parties should be heard in and
which jurisdiction's law should be applied.

 Today, businesses are increasingly capable of

shifting capital and labour supply chains across
borders, as well as trading with overseas
businesses, making the question of which country
has jurisdiction even more pressing.
Law of supranational organisations
 concerns organisations such as the UN,
the World Trade Organisation, and the European
Union.
 European Union law is the first and, so far, only
example of an internationally accepted legal
system other than the UN and the World Trade
Organisation
 These institutions are allowed the ability to
enforce legal norms both against or for member
states and citizens in a manner which is not
possible through public international law.
Designations used for Philippine laws
THANK
YOU