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Emergency Care in Nursing
Emergency Care in Nursing
Emergency Care in Nursing
NURSING
COMPILED BY -
Mr. Ashish Henjali Roy
B.Sc Nursing(Nursing Tutor)
Savitri Hospital And Paramedical Institute,Gorakhpur,UttarPradesh.
Definition
Emergency care can be defined as the episodic and
crisis-oriented care provided to patients with serious or
potentially life-threatening injuries or illnesses.
Concept Of Emergency Nursing
The term Emergency is used for those patients
who require immediate action to prevent
further deteriorations or stabilizing the
condition till the availability of the services
close to the patients.
Scope and Practice of Emergency Nursing
• Emergency management traditionally refers to urgent
and critical care needs.
• The emergency nurse has special training, education,
experience, and expertise in assessing and identifying
health care problems in crisis situations.
• Primary Assessment-
• The initial, rapid, ABCD (airway, breathing, and
circulation, as well as neurologic disability resulting from
spinal cord or head injuries)
Secondary Assessment:-
The secondary assessment is a brief, but thorough, systematic assessment designed to identify all injuries.
The steps: Full set of vital signs/Five interventions/Facilitate family presence, and Give comfort
measures.
• Full set of vital signs/five interventions/facilitate family presence:
– Obtain a full set of vital signs including blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and
temperature. As stated previously, obtain blood pressure in both arms if chest trauma is
suspected.
– Five interventions:
• Pulse oximetry to measure the oxygen saturation
• Indwelling urinary catheter (do not insert if you note blood at the meatus, blood in
the scrotum, or if you suspect a pelvic fracture)
• Gastric tube (if there is evidence of facial fractures, insert the tube orally)
Contd…
• The triage nurse collects data and classifies the illnesses and injuries to ensure that
the patients most in need of care do not needlessly wait.
• Protocols may be initiated in the triage area.
• Emergency triage differs from disaster triage in that patients who are the most
critically ill receive the most resources, regardless of potential outcome.
Cont.…
• Triage Level I: Resuscitation
Conditions requiring immediate nursing and physician
assessment. Any delay in treatment is potentially life- or limb-
threatening.
Includes conditions such as:
– Airway compromise.
– Cardiac arrest.
– Severe shock.
– Cervical spine injury.
– Multisystem trauma.
– Altered level of consciousness (LOC) (unconsciousness).
Triage Level II: Emergent
• Multiple trauma
– Priority managements
Cont.…
#. Hypovolemic Shock:-
• Patent airway and ventilation
• Restoration of circulating fluid volume
• Central Venous Pressure
• Blood component therapy
#. Wounds:-
• Restore physical integrity and function of injured
tissue, with minimal scarring and without infection
• Wound cleansing
• Primary closure
• Delayed primary closure
Cont.…
#. Intra- Abdominal Injuries:-
• Blunt trauma or penetrating injuries
• Abdominal trauma can cause massive life-threatening
blood loss into abdominal cavity
• Assessment
– Obtain history
– Perform abdominal assessment and assess other
body systems for injuries that frequently accompany
abdominal injuries
– Assess for referred pain that may indicate spleen,
liver, or intra-peritoneal injury
– Perform laboratory studies, CT scan, abdominal
ultrasound and diagnostic peritoneal lavage
– Assess stab wound via ultra-sonography.
Cont.…
Intra- abdominal injuries
• Ensure airway, breathing, and circulation
• Continually monitor the patient
• Document all wounds
• If viscera are protruding, cover with a sterile, moist
saline dressing
• Hold oral fluids
• NG to aspirate stomach contents
• Provide tetanus and antibiotic prophylaxis
• Provide rapid transport to surgery if indicated
Cont.…
#. Patient with Multiple Trauma:-
• Use a team approach