Parts of Speech

- Mamta Prasad

A session resolving all major Grammar related problems

Definition
• Parts of speech are the basic categories of words according to
their function in a sentence. It is a category to which a word is
assigned in accordance with its syntactic functions. English has
eight main parts of speech, namely, Nouns, Pronouns, Adjectives,
Verbs, Adverbs, Prepositions, Conjunctions & Interjections. In
grammar, the parts of speech, also called lexical categories,
grammatical categories or word classes is a linguistic category of
words.
The parts of speech are
commonly divided into
two categories:

• Open classes - Nouns,

Verbs, Adjectives and
adverbs

• Closed classes -
Pronouns, Prepositions,
Conjunctions and <Insert caption here>

Interjections.
NOUN
What is Noun
• A noun is a part of speech that identifies a person,
place, thing, idea or events. Nouns are the simplest
among the 8 parts of speech. In a sentence, nouns can
play the role of subject, direct object, indirect object,
subject complement, object complement, appositive, or
adjective as depending on the necessity. Nouns are
broadly classified into five categories:
 Types of Noun
• 1. Proper Noun
• 2. Common Noun
• 3. Collective Noun
• 4. Abstract Noun
• 5. Materialistic Noun

They are broadly Classified into Countable and

Uncountable Nouns
They act as subjects or
objects
According to which the structure of the sentence is determined.
Pronoun
Definition
• Pronouns as part of speech are the words which are used in place
of nouns like people, places, or things. They are used to avoid
sounding unnatural by reusing the same noun in a sentence
multiple times. In the sentence, Anki saw Sejal, and he waved at
her, the pronouns he and her take the place of Anki and Sejal,
respectively. The other examples of pronouns are I, you, she, her,
it, everyone, somebody, hers, theirs, etc.
 Types of Pronoun
• 1.Personal Pronouns
• 2. Reflexive Pronoun
• 3 Emphatic Pronouns
Click icon to add picture • 4 Possessive Pronoun
• 5.DemonstrativePronouns
• 6. Indefinite Pronouns
• 7. Distributive Pronouns
• 8. Reciprocal Pronouns
• 9. Relative Pronouns
• 10. Interrogative Pronouns
They act as substitutes to
subjects or objects
They also show the possessive case.
ADJECTIVES
Definition
• Adjectives are words that describe or modify a noun or a pronoun
in the sentence. The adjectives are easy to spot because they
come immediately before the nouns they modify. They are used to
identify or quantify individual people and unique things and are
usually positioned before the noun or pronoun that they modify.
Some sentences also contain multiple adjectives
 Types of
Adjectives
• 1.Adjectives of Quality
• 2. Adjectives of Quantity
• 3. Adjectives of Number
Click icon to add picture • 4. Demonstrative Adjectives
• 5. Interrogative Adjectives
• 6. Exclamatory Adjectives
• 7. Possessive Adjectives
It is important to diffenrtiate
between
Pronoun and Adjectives.
VERBS
Definition
• Verbs as part of speech are used to signify the actions, processes,
conditions, or states of being of people or things. It is basically a
word that characteristically is the grammatical center of a predicate
and expresses an act, occurrence, or mode of being, that in
various languages is inflected for agreement with the subject, for
tense, for voice, for mood, or for aspect, and that typically has full
descriptive meaning and characterizing quality in it
 Types of Verbs
• 1. Finite & Infinite Verbs

Click icon to add picture • 2. Transitive & Intransitive

Verbs

• 3. Regular & Irregular Verbs

They are greatly Known
Main Verbs and Auxiliary Verbs
TENSE
INTRODUCTION
• The word Tense is derived from
latin word “tempus” which means
time. A verb indicates the time of
an action, event or condition by
changing its form.
Based on Time frame
• The verb tenses may be
categorized according to the time
frame: •Present Tense
• •Past Tense
• •Future Tense
Details
• Present Tense :--- Present tense expresses an
unchanging, repeated, or reoccurring action or
situation that exists only now. It can also
represent a widespread truth.

• Past Tense :--- Past tense expresses an action

or situation that was started and finished in
the past.

• Future Tense :--- Future tense expresses an

Based on the status
• Verb tenses may also be categorized according to Status.
• Status refers to the nature and stage of the action described
by the verb.
• There are four stages or condition :
• •Indefinite or Simple
• •Continuous or Progressive
• •Perfect or Complete
• •Perfect Continuous
What do these status state ?

• Indefinite Tense The three indefinite tenses, or simple

tenses, describe an action but do not state whether the
action is finished. Continuous Tense
• The three continuous tenses, incomplete tenses, or
progressive tenses, describe an unfinished action.
• Perfect Tense The three complete tenses, or perfect
tenses, describe a finished action.
• Perfect Continuous Tense To combine the complete
tenses and the incomplete tenses, to describe an action
which was in progress and then finished
 Tenses

past Present future

Indefinite Indefinite Indefinite

Continuous Continuous Continuous
Perfect Perfect Perfect
Perfect Perfect Continuous Perfect Continuous
Continuous
ADVERBS
Definition
• An adverb is a word that is used to change or qualify the meaning
of an adjective, a verb, a clause, another adverb, or any other type
of word or phrase with the exception of determiners and adjectives
that directly modify nouns.
 Types of Adverbs
• Adverb of
1. Time
2. Place
Click icon to add picture 3. Manner
4. Degree or Quantity
5. Frequency or Number
6. Reason
7. Focus & Viewpoint
8. Affirmation
9. Negation
Broadly , They qualify all
Except Noun and Pronoun
PREPOSITION
Definition
• A preposition is a word placed before a noun or a pronoun to
indicate some relation between the noun or pronoun and some
other word. The noun or pronoun that is connected by the
preposition is known as the object of the preposition. Some
common prepositions are in, on, for, to, of, with, and about, etc.
 Types of
Preposition
• 1. Simple Prepositions
• 2. Compound Prepositions
• 3. Double Prepositions
Click icon to add picture • 4. Participle Prepositions
• 5. Prepositional Prepositions
Play a Vital role in
determining
relations
CONJUNCTION
Definition
• Conjunctions are used to link different clauses together, and to join
words, phrases and sentences. By using conjunctions, we can
make complex sentences that show a connection between actions
and ideas. Examples: and, but, so, although, or, etc
 Types of
Conjunction
• 1. Coordinating Conjunction
• 2. Correlative Conjunctions
• 3. Subordinating Conjunction
Click icon to add picture
They are very important
To understand the flow and structure
INTERJECTION
Definition
• It is a word used to express emotions or some sudden outburst of
feeling. Usually, an interjection is used in informal language.
Though interjections do not relate grammatically to the other parts
of the sentence or help the reader understand the relationship
between words and phrases in the sentence, they express a wide
variety of feelings, such as joy, sorrow, surprise, disgust, etc.
Quiz 1
• I bought a beautiful dress at the mall.
a) Preposition
b) Adjective
c) Noun
d) Adverb
Quiz 2
•  What did she ask you to do?
a) Noun
b) Pronoun
c) Adjective
d) Adverb
Quiz 3
•  I left my shoes under the kitchen table.
a) Noun
b) Pronoun
c) Adjective
d) Preposition
Quiz 4
• If we finish our work quickly we can go to the movies
a) Adverb
b) Pronoun
c) Adjective
d) Preposition