TEKNIK MENJAWAB

KIMIA
KERTAS 3 SPM 
STATEMENT OF
PROBLEM: 
 Must be a question and ended with question mark
 Find the hint in the question
 Start the problem statement with

‘How does manipulated variable affect responding

variable?’
or ‘Does increasing/decreasing manipulated variable
increase/decrease the responding variable?’
AIM OF EXPERIMENT: 
Startthe aim of experiment with ‘
To compare …

To study … 

To investigate …
ALL THE VARIABLES: 
Manipulated variable: (axis-x values) 
Responding variable: (axis-y values) 
Constant variable:
HYPOTHESIS: 
Must start with manipulated variable and
follow by responding variable.
Example:
The higher the temperature of sodium
thiosulphate solution, the higher the rate of
reaction between sodium thiosulphate
solution and sulphuric acid
MATERIALS &
APPARATUS: 
Always separate materials and apparatus
Solution: mention the concentration
(range of 0.1 – 1.0 mol dm-3) and concentrated
solution (>1.0 mol dm-3) 
Example:
0.1 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid
1.0 mol dm-3 copper (II) sulphate solution

Solid: mention the physical state

Example:
Zinc powder, zinc strip
APPARATUS:
Everything that can be reused in the
experiment

Example:
Stop watch
50 cm3 measuring cylinder
Retort stand with clamp
Filter funnel
PROCEDURE:
All steps are to be written in detail.
The sentences should be written in passive
form sentences (same in PEKA) and can
be present tense or past tense (no penalty).
TABULATION OF DATA:
The easiest part to get one mark (full mark
is 2 marks)
As long as you draw a table (empty table/
box).
Remember to write unit in the manipulated
variable column and responding variable
column.
READING OF
INSTRUMENTS:
Get the smallest scale and divide by 2 to
obtain the accuracy of the instrument.
Example:
The smallest scale is 1⁰C
Accuracy = 1 ⁰C
2
= 0.5 ⁰C

The reading is 29.0⁰C

Accuracy = 0.1 V
2
= 0.05 V
The reading is 2.70 V
Accuracy = 0.2 V
2
= 0.1 V
The reading is 1.8 V
Accuracy = 1 s
2
= 0.5 s
The reading is 50.0 s
The burette reading is 27.75 cm³
Operational definition:
Must have
procedure(action)
observation
Diagram 1 shows the set up 0f
apparatus to study the solubility of salt
in water.
Experiment I
Copper (II) sulphate dissolves in water and
forms a blue solution.

Experiment II
Zinc carbonate does not dissolve in water.
State one inference for the observation in
Experiment I:

Copper (II) sulphate is a soluble salt.

Manipulated variable:
Type of salts // copper (II) sulphate and zinc
carbonate

Responding variable:
Solubility of salt in water

Fixed variable:
Temperature of water// Volume of water//
Type of solvent
Hypothesis:
Copper (II) sulphate is soluble in water
whereas zinc carbonate is not soluble in
water.

Operational definition of soluble salt:

When a salt is added into water and stirred,
it dissolves.
When an alkali is gradually added to an
acid, the pH value of the mixture will
slowly increase.

The change in the pH values can be

followed by using the set-up of apparatus
shown in Diagram 2.
Calculate a value for the flow rate of alkali
into the acid solution.
Rate of flow of alkali
= (36.50 – 32.50) cm³
(20 – 0) s

= 0.2 cm³ /s
Diagram 3 shows a plot of pH change with
time as printed out by the computer.
Calculate the volume of alkali needed to
neutralise the 20 cm3 of acid.

= 125 s x 0.2 cm³ /s

= 25 cm³