Product Training

Reid and Taylor (I) Limited,

Bangalore
 Session - 1
• Basics about Textiles
– Fibers and Classification
– Yarns and Classification
– Yarn Count and Methods
– Fabrics and Types (Woven and Knits)
– Fabric Structure and Types.
 Session - 2
• Products of Reid and Taylor AW11
 Fibers
• A unit of material which is capable of being
spun into a yarn and made into a fabric by
interlacing in a variety of methods includes
weaving, knitting etc
• Fiber is the basic structural element of
textile products.
 YARNS
• Yarn is a long continuous length of
interlocked fibres by a twist
• It is suitable for production of fabrics by
weaving and knitting.
• Thread is a type of yarn intended for
sewing by hand or machine which is very
finer and stronger.
• Threads are used for stitching and surface
decoration like embroidery.
Types of Yarns
Yarns

Spun Yarn Texturized Yarn

Filament Yarn

• Spun yarn is made by twisting or otherwise bonding staple fibres together to make
a cohesive thread. Twisting fibres into yarn in the process called spinning. Spun
yarns may contain a single type of fibre, or be a blend of various types
• Filament yarn consists of filament fibres (very long continuous fibres) either twisted
together or only grouped together. Silk is a natural filament, and synthetic filament
yarns are used to produce silk-like effects.
• Texturized yarns are made by a process of air texturizing, which combines multiple
filament yarns into a yarn with some of the characteristics of spun yarns.
 YARN COUNT
• Count is a numeric indication of the mass
per unit length or length per unit mass of a
yarn
• Yarn count expresses the fineness or
linear density of yarn. It is indicated by a
numeric value. It is the relationship
between length and weight.
Yarn Count System
Yarn Count System

Direct Numbering Indirect Numbering

System System

• DIRECT YARN NUMBERING SYSTEM (LENGTH FIXED):

Fines of yarn are measured in weight per unit length. In this case length is a constant factor and
weight is a variable factor. In this system when the number increases thickness of the thread
increases and becomes thicker and coarser and vise versa.

• INDIRECT YARN NUMBERING SYSTEM (WEIGHT FIXED):

In this system fineness of yarn is measured in length per unit weight. In this case weight is a
constant factor and length is a variable factor. In this system, when the number increases the
thickness of the thread will decreases and becomes thinner and finer and vise versa.
 Numbering System
• Direct Yarn Numbering System
Tex: weight of yarn in grams present in 1000 meters length. It is universal
system of counting the yarn.
Denier: weight of yarn in grams present in 9000 meters length. It is
basically used for man made fiber.
Pounds per Spindle: weight of yarn in lbs present in 1440 yards length.

• Indirect Yarn Numbering System

English Cotton Count: No. of 840 yards length of Hanks present in 1
pound weight yarn.
Metric Count: No. of 1000 meters length of Hanks present in 1 kg weight of
yarn.
Worsted Count: No. of 560 yards length of Hanks present in 1 pound weigh
of yarn. It is basically used for wool.
 Fabrics
• A fabric is flexible material with the
network of interlaced warp and weft yarns

Types of Fabrics
Fabrics

Weaving Spreading
Knitting Bonding

Crocheting
 Types of Fabrics
• Weaving
– Weaving is a textile production method which involves
interlacing a set of longer threads with a set of crossing
threads.
– This is done on a frame or machine known as a loom, of
which there are a number of types.
 Warp and Weft
• Warp Yarn
– In weaving cloth, the warp is the set of lengthwise yarns that are held in tension
on a frame or loom.
– Each individual warp thread in a fabric is called a warp end or end. Warp means
"that which is thrown across“.

• Weft Yarn
– The yarn that is inserted over-and-under the warp threads are called the weft,
woof, or filler.
– Other wise called as "filling yarn“ because it is used to fill in between the warp
yarn for making the cloth.
Warp and Weft
 Knitting
• Knitting
– Knitting involve in interlacing loops of yarn, which are
formed by a knitting needle together in a line. Knitting
has several active loops at one time, on the knitting
needle waiting to interlock with another loop.
– Knitted fabric consists of consecutive loops, called
stitches.
– As each row progresses, a new loop is pulled through
an existing loop.
– The active stitches are held on a needle until another
loop can be passed through them
 Course and Wale
• The yarn in knitted fabrics follows a meandering path is
called as a course, forming symmetric loops is also
called as bights, symmetrically above and below the
mean path of the yarn.
• To secure a loop, at least one new loop is passed
through it. Although the new loop is itself unsecured
("active" or "live"), it secures the stitch suspended from it.
A sequence of loops in which each loop is suspended
from the next is called a wale.
Wale

Course