Syllabus of ME-303

ME 303: Convection, Boiling, Condensation

and Mass Transfer

3.00 Contact Hour; 3.00 Credit Hour; Pre-requisite ME 305

Text and Ref Books:
1. Heat & Mass Transfer: A Practical Approach- Yungus A.
Cengel.
2. Fundamental of Heat & Mass Transfer-by Incropera.
3. Principles of Heat Transfer – F. Kreith, (7th edition), M. S.
Bohn.
4. Heat Transfer – J. P. Holman 7e.
5. Heat Transfer: A Basic Approach – OZISIK.
6. Advanced Convective Heat Transfer – Adrian Bejan.
 Chapter 11
HEAT EXCHANGERS
 Heat exchangers are devices that facilitate the exchange of heat between
two fluids that are at different temperatures while keeping them from
mixing with each other.

Applications:

 Heating and air-conditioning systems in a household

 Chemical processing and power production in large plants

 Refrigerators and air-conditioners, for example, use heat exchangers in

the opposite way from central heating systems: they remove heat from a
compartment or room where it's not wanted and pump it away in a fluid to
some other place where it can be dumped out of the way.

 Heat exchangers differ from mixing chambers in that they do not allow
the two fluids involved to mix. In a car radiator, for example, heat is
transferred from the hot water flowing through the radiator tubes to the air
flowing through the closely spaced thin plates outside attached to the
tubes.
 Types of Heat Exchangers
• Different heat transfer applications
require different types of hardware
and different configurations of heat
transfer equipment.

What should we choose?

 Double-Pipe Heat Exchangers
• The simplest type of heat exchanger consists of
two concentric pipes of different diameters is
called the double-pipe heat exchanger.
• One fluid flows through the smaller pipe while
the other fluid flows through the annular space
between the two
pipes.
• Two types of flow
arrangement
– parallel flow,
– counter flow.
 Compact Heat Exchanger
• Large heat transfer surface area per unit volume.
• Area density  ─ The ratio of heat transfer surface
area of a heat exchanger to its volume.
• Compact heat exchanger  >700 m2/m3.
• Examples:
 car radiators ( ≈1000 m2/m3),
 glass-ceramic gas turbine heat
exchangers ( ≈6000 m2/m3),
 the regenerator of a Stirling
engine ( ≈15,000 m2/m3), and
 the human lung ( ≈20,000 m2/m3).
Compact heat exchangers enable us to achieve
high heat transfer rates between two fluids in a
small volume

The large surface area in compact heat exchangers

is obtained by attaching closely spaced thin plate
or corrugated fins to the walls separating the two
fluids.

In a car radiator, water-to-air compact heat

exchanger is used where fins are attached to the air
side of the tube surface
• Compact heat exchangers are commonly
used in
gas-to-gas and
gas-to liquid (or liquid-to-gas) heat exchangers.
• Typically cross-flow configuration ─ the two
fluids move perpendicular to each other.
• The cross-flow is further classified as
unmixed flow
and
mixed flow.
 Printed Circuit Heat Exchanger (PCHE)
 The printed circuit heat exchanger (PCHE) is one of the compact
heat exchangers that can sustain high pressure difference while
having high effectiveness. It is widely used in industrial applications
such as
 Chemical Processing
 Fuel Processing
 Waste heat recovery and
 Refrigeration
It is manufactured by chemically etching each heat transfer plate
and bond each plate with diffusion bonding process into single
solid structure.

There may be different etching patterns

on the plates to make the heat exchanger
as a parallel, counter or cross flow heat
exchanger.
 The flow channels in PCHE can be made in zigzag, S-shape or aero foil
shape in order to induce flow turbulence and enhance heat transfer
coefficient.

PCHEs have high surface density typically greater than 2500 m2/ m3.

It is made usually from stainless steel titanium, copper, nickel and nickel
alloy and can withstand operating pressure up to 500 bar.

Advantages:

Wide operating temperature range from -2500C to 9000C.

Very high heat transfer coefficient and
Their size which is 4 to 6 times smaller than the conventional heat
exchangers.

Disadvantages:

PCHEs is very high pressure drop and

Require very clean fluid to be passed through them otherwise blockages
can occur easily in the fine channels spacing (0.5-2 mm)