NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

RAIPUR

MINING ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

ASSIGNMENT REPORT OF METAL MINING

 Contents
Important definition in metal mining.
Basic mining characteristics .
Level interval.
Mode of entry.
 DEFINITION
• ADIT:- Adit is a underground opening directly
communicate with the ground surface and
design for servicing underground mine
horizontal or nearly horizontal.
• TUNNEL:- An underground roadway that is open
to atmosphere at both end.
• COUNTRY ROCK:- The county rock of an ore
body is that rock which is predominant in the
area and which is contain the ore body. The
country rock forms the foot wall and the
hanging wall .
• ORE:- An ore is a rock containing minerals
which can be use for economic extraction of
metal after processing to separate the
minerals from gangue . Ore usually occurs in
veins or load .
• GANGUE:- The term gangue is apply to useless
materials in association with ore minerals .
• VEINS:- A vein is a natural crack in the earth’s
crust filled with minerals .
• CROSSCUT:- A level tunnel or roadway which leads
from the shaft or level and passes through the country
rock in order to cut across or touch the lode at an
angle to the strike .
• DRIFT:- Drift is a horizontal opening not communicate
to the ground surface which driven along the strike .
• CUT OF GRADE:-The minimum percentage of metal in
the ore for economic extraction of the ore from a mine
and its subsequent smelting to extract the metal .
• FOOTWALL:- The wall or rock on the underside of a
vein . It is called floor in bedded deposit.
• HANGING WALL:- The wall or rock on the upper side of
an inclined vein . It is called roof in bedded deposits .
• INCLINE:- An incline is a sloping tunnel driven from the
surface to the deposit through the alluvium and the
rocks overlying or underlying a mineral deposits.
• LEVEL:- Metal mines are worked from vertical shaft
through horizontal machinery to all level spaced in a
regular intervals , depth and optionally used in same
sense as a drift or to covered all horizontal working on
horizon.
• RAISE:- A connection between two level in an ore body
driven in an upward direction.
• Winze:- A dipping connection in the ore body
joining two levels .
• CHUTE:- A narrow opening in mine working
through which broken ore is loaded into mine
cars . The term is also applied to a box like
structure equipped with controlling gate fitted
to such openings .
• ORE PASS:- An ore pass is a vertical or inclined
underground passageway for downward
movement of ore by gravity.
• GRADE:- Amount of vertical size of fall in 100m
of distance expressed in percent.
• BACK:-Roof or hanging wall of ore body in dip
is mild of an steep inclined it is lower surface
of a block of coal.
 BASIC MINING CHARACTERISTICS
1. Dip angle
2. Thickness
3. Strength of ore and rock
classification :-
I. Flat 0 – 3deg. locomotive
II. Gently sloping 3 – 30deg. conveyor
transport
haulage
III. Incline 30 – 45deg. metal trough
IV. Steep 45 – 90deg.
 LEVEL INTERVAL
Factor affecting the choice of level interval:-
1. Nature of deposits .
2. Its size and degree of exploration .
3. Angle of dip.
4. Rigidity and stability of ore .
5. Adopted method of early development.
6. Speed of stoping and character of country
rock.
7. Cost of driving and quality of ore.
 ADVANTAGES OF LARGER LEVEL
INTERVAL
1. Reduces the scope of development of work
per tonne of expected ore and amount of ore
abundant in pillar.
2. Less losses and dilution.
 LIMITING FACTOR OF LARGER LEVEL
INTERVAL
I. Increase cost of delivery supplied to product
level .
II. Rise in pressure of wall when they are
expressed over a considerable area .
III. Large degree of sloping is required .
IV. System of mining retreating system allow
more level interval than advancing .
 SITE SELCTION OF SHAFT
Location of shaft depend upon :-
1. Adopted method of opening .
2. Mining condition.
3. Cheaply underground transport.
4. Local topography.
5. Nature of rock through which it is to be sunk.
6. Expenses transport,pumping, ventilation,
maintenance and movement of men.
• Geological and hydrological condition for shaft
sinking. One should avoid sinking a shaft in
weak sand and zone of flooded rocks , very
strong rocks .
• Convenient and practical bottom location and
other working laying near the shaft with
reference to its projected sites .
• Surface area suitable for building and
subsequent operation of structure and plan.
 BASIC CONDITION OF SHAFT SURFACE AREA

1. It must lie outside the boundary of zone

where share and shift may offer when the
deposit mine to maximum depth.
2. It should have a size and shape that will
enable minimum protection pillars of useful
minerals.
3. Selected area should ensure the run of snow
storm and mine water.
 VERTICAL SHAFT IN FOOTWALL

GROUND LEVEL

ORE LEVEL SHAFT

HAULAGE ROAD
INCLINED SHAFT IN FOOTWALL
GROUND LEVEL

LEVEL

ORE SHAFT
 VERTICAL SHAFT IN HANGINGWALL

GROUND LEVEL

SHAFT LEVEL
ORE
 VERTICAL SHAFT IN INCLINED ORE BODY

GROUND LEVEL

SHAFT

ORE
OPENING OF THROUGH VERTICAL SHAFT SOME FROM GROUND LEVEL AND A LINE SHAFT AT
DIPPER LEVEL

ORE

LINE SHAFT
 REFERENCE
D.J. DESHMUKH
FROM TEACHER NOTES.
 END
&
THANK U