BASIC CONCEPT OF

DISASTER AND
DISASTER RISK
Brylle Tuason Capili, RN, BSN
CONCEPT OF DISASTER
 D – disruption of function of a large number of people
 I – impact involves human, material, monetary and
ecological losses
 S – sudden, devastating and unexpected event
 A – affect different levels of society: household level,
community level and provincial level
 S – safe keeping measures is the utmost concern
 T – total damages to life, limb and property is appalling
 E – exceed the capacity of a neighborhood or the
general public to manage by means of its own
resources
 R – recovery takes months or years
DISASTER
 as a severe disruption of a community or
society’s day to day functioning that involves
extensive physical, financial, material or
ecological losses and it’s devastation surpass
the capacity of the affected people or
community to deal with utilizing its own
resources.
LEVELS OF DISASTER
1. HOUSEHOLD LEVEL
 Health issues
 Financial difficulties
 Death of loved one
COMMUNITY LEVEL
 Fire
 Collapse of buildings during an earthquake
 Flood
 Outbreak of communicable and contagious
diseases
 Displacement of people due to armed
conflicts
PROVINCIAL LEVEL
 Affect a greater number of people and
surpass the capability of a neighborhood or
district to cope without outside assistance
DISASTER CYCLE
1. Mitigation/preparedness (pre-disaster
phase)
2. Response (disaster phase),
3. Recovery (post- disaster phase)
DISASTER CYCLE
MITIGATION
 As planning and preparations employ to
minimize the impact of a disaster.
 Mitigating measures are taken before, during
and after a disaster.
DISASTER CYCLE
RESPONSE
 Is the mobilization of forces done during and
immediately after a calamitous event. It’s
vital mission is to save life, limb and
property. Utilization of all government
agencies and non government organizations
is essential.
 RA 7160 stipulates that the local government
heads can perform emergency measures
needed during and in the aftermath of any
disasters be it natural or man-made.
DISASTER CYCLE
RECOVERY
 Slow return to normal life after a disaster.
For lost of properties it maybe rebuilding of
houses or businesses and for lost lives,
recovery of loved ones maybe accepting
one’s fate and learning the lessons of the
event.
RISK
 defined as the measure of the expected
losses due to a hazardous event occurring in
a given area over a specific period of time.
CONCEPT OF RISK
 R – resources are in danger of being lost
 I – incident occurring in particular locale over
a period of time
 S – surveillance is essential in disaster
preparation
 K – (constant) Disaster Equation Risk =
Hazard x Vulnerability/ Capacity
 The Philippines, beautiful as it is,
unfortunately, is geographically, geologically
and politically susceptible to both natural
and man-made disasters.
 From 2010 to 2014, 91 hydrometereological
hazards entered the Philippine Area of
Responsibility, one of which is Bagyong
Yolanda (Haiyan)
 the Philippines is also highly exposed to
earthquakes and tsunamis. The country lies
between two of the world’s foremost
tectonic plates, the Eurasian and Pacific
plates, along the Pacific Ring of Fire. With
more than two hundred volcanos surrounding
the archipelago, 22 of which are active, the
country experiences atleast five earthquakes
a day according to PHIVOLCS.
NATURE OF DISASTER
1. NATURAL
 Natural disaster results from an
environmental disturbance or peril that
surpassed the coping capacity of the affected
community.
NATURE OF DISASTER
2. MAN-MADE
 are cause by errors of man, either
intentional or accidental.
CATEGORY OF DISASTER

 It is ability of the local government unit or

district to take action
CATEGORY OF DISASTER
LEVEL I
 A community is able to manage the disaster
effectively utilizing its own resources
CATEGORY OF DISASTER
LEVEL II
 A community is not able to manage
effectively to a disaster and necessitates
assistance from outside resource.
CATEGORY OF DISASTER
LEVEL III
 A community is not able to manage the
disaster effectively and necessitates the
assistance of the national government.
EFFECTS OF DISASTER
1. HUMAN IMPACT
 Death or injury
 range of illnesses
 basic needs
 Inadequate sanitation
EFFECTS OF DISASTER
2. ENVIRONMENTAL DANGER
 Vectors are rampant during disaster.
 increase of Dengue and Leptospirosis cases
during typhoons and heavy flooding.
 radioactive substance in food and water is
proven to cause genetic mutation and cancer
aside from marine and soil contamination.
EFFECTS OF DISASTER
3. INFRASTRUCTURE DAMAGE
 damages houses, place of work, disrupt
utility services and delivery of basic needs.
QUIZ #1
 Matching Type:

 A. NATURAL DISASTER
 B. MAN-MADE DISASTER
A. NATURAL DISASTER
B. MAN-MADE DISASTER

 __________1. Mt. Pinatubo Eruption

 __________2. Mamasapano Massacre

 __________3. Bohol Earthquake

 __________4. Nuclear Meltdown in Japan
 __________5. Zamboanga Siege
 __________6. Kentex Fire
 __________7. Terrorist Bombing in Paris
 __________8. Tsunami in Indonesia
 __________9. Bagyong Ondoy
 _________10. Ozone Tradegy
A. NATURAL DISASTER
B. MAN-MADE DISASTER

 _________11. Titanic
 _________12. Ormoc Tragedy
 _________13. Bagyong Yolanda
 _________14. Atomic bombing in Nagasaki
 _________15. Hurricane Katrina
 _________16. Motorcycle Accident in Edsa
 _________17. World War II
 _________18. Lahar Flow in Pampanga
 _________19. Airplane Crash
 _________20. Bagiuo Landslide
IDENTIFICATION
21. What is disaster?
 A. Death or injury are the most pressing
concerns during a disaster.
 B. is defined as the measure of the expected
losses due to a hazardous event occurring in a
given area over a specific period of time.
 C. gradual in onset produces prolong impact on
agriculture sector, power and water supply.
 D. as a severe disruption of a community or
society’s day to day functioning that involves
extensive physical, financial, material or
ecological losses
22. What is risk?
 A. Death or injury are the most pressing
concerns during a disaster.
 B. is defined as the measure of the expected
losses due to a hazardous event occurring in a
given area over a specific period of time.
 C. gradual in onset produces prolong impact on
agriculture sector, power and water supply.
 D. as a severe disruption of a community or
society’s day to day functioning that involves
extensive physical, financial, material or
ecological losses
ENUMERATION
a. Concept of Disaster
 D
 I
 S
 A
 S
 T
 E
 R
ENUMERATION
b. Concept of risk
 R
 I
 S
 K