MIDTERM REVIEW

Content Covered

 Chapters 1-10
 If sections were skipped in lectures, they are not on the exam

 Homeworks/quizzes/class activities etc

Exam Basics

 25 multiple choice
 7 short essay
 You will have 90 mins from starting and must take it between 9am and 6pm
 Closed book/notes
 You will not need a calculator
 End of chapter questions are good way to study
 Know techniques and how to apply them
How does a catalyst work?
A) A catalyst decreases the free energy of the transition state of a reaction, lowering the activation energy.

B) A catalyst couples ATP hydrolysis with a reaction to make it energetically favorable.

C)A catalyst increases the equilibrium constant of a reaction, shifting equilibrium toward the products.

D) A catalyst performs the reduction reaction that allows oxidation reactions to continue
How does a catalyst work?
A) A catalyst decreases the free energy of the transition state of a reaction, lowering the activation energy.

B) A catalyst couples ATP hydrolysis with a reaction to make it energetically favorable.

C)A catalyst increases the equilibrium constant of a reaction, shifting equilibrium toward the products.

D) A catalyst performs the reduction reaction that allows oxidation reactions to continue
Which of the following techniques is the least useful to separate proteins based on their size?
A)two-dimensional gel electrophoresis
B)differential centrifugation
C) SDS-PAGE
D) gel filtration chromatography
Which of the following techniques is the least useful to separate proteins based on their size?
A)two-dimensional gel electrophoresis
B)differential centrifugation
C) SDS-PAGE
D) gel filtration chromatography
Which of the following microscopy techniques can be used in live cell imaging?
1. Two photon excitation microscopy
2. Light-sheet microscopy
3. Photoactivated localization microscopy
4. Scanning electron microscopy
5. Immunoelectron microscopy
6. Cryoelectron microscopy
A. 1 and 2
B. 1, 2, and 3
C. 2, 3, and 5
D. 4, 5, and 6
E. None of these
F. All of these
Which of the following microscopy techniques can be used in live cell imaging?
1. Two photon excitation microscopy
2. Light-sheet microscopy
3. Photoactivated localization microscopy
4. Scanning electron microscopy
5. Immunoelectron microscopy
6. Cryoelectron microscopy
A. 1 and 2
B. 1, 2, and 3
C. 2, 3, and 5
D. 4, 5, and 6
E. None of these
F. All of these
 Which of the following statements regarding DNA replication is FALSE?
A. DNA replication is both continuous and discontinuous due to its strict 5' to 3'
directionality.
B. DNA replication is semiconservative, meaning that every new DNA double helix is only
half newly synthesized.
C. The lagging strand is synthesized as Okazaki fragments, moving in the opposite direction
from the replication bubble.
D. The only three enzymes required for DNA replication are DNA polymerase, helicase, and
ligase.
 Which of the following statements regarding DNA replication is FALSE?
A. DNA replication is both continuous and discontinuous due to its strict 5' to 3'
directionality.
B. DNA replication is semiconservative, meaning that every new DNA double helix is only
half newly synthesized.
C. The lagging strand is synthesized as Okazaki fragments, moving in the opposite direction
from the replication bubble.
D. The only three enzymes required for DNA replication are DNA polymerase, helicase, and
ligase.
 Which of the following techniques does NOT rely on hybridization?
A. Northern blotting
B. microarrays
C. Southern blotting
D. immunoprecipitation
 Which of the following techniques does NOT rely on hybridization?
A. Northern blotting
B. microarrays
C. Southern blotting
D. immunoprecipitation
 You treat cells with the ionic detergent sodium dodecyl-sulfate (SDS) to disrupt the
membrane. Will integral membrane proteins be affected by this treatment and how?
A. No; integral membrane proteins are not released from membranes by SDS.
B. Yes; integral membrane proteins will be released by the SDS treatment and will now
function in soluble form.
C. Yes; integral membrane proteins will be released and denatured by this treatment.
D. Yes; integral membrane proteins will be released from the membrane but now form
micelles within the cytoplasm.
 You treat cells with the ionic detergent sodium dodecyl-sulfate (SDS) to disrupt the
membrane. Will integral membrane proteins be affected by this treatment and how?
A. No; integral membrane proteins are not released from membranes by SDS.
B. Yes; integral membrane proteins will be released by the SDS treatment and will now
function in soluble form.
C. Yes; integral membrane proteins will be released and denatured by this treatment.
D. Yes; integral membrane proteins will be released from the membrane but now form
micelles within the cytoplasm.
 Order the following from least to highest level of chromatin structure: histones, 30-nm
fiber, DNA, nucleosome.
A. DNA < histone < nucleosome < 30-nm fiber
B. histone < nucleosome < DNA < 30-nm fiber
C. DNA < nucleosome < histone < 30-nm fiber
D. DNA < histone < 30-nm fiber < nucleosome
 Order the following from least to highest level of chromatin structure: histones, 30-nm
fiber, DNA, nucleosome.
A. DNA < histone < nucleosome < 30-nm fiber
B. histone < nucleosome < DNA < 30-nm fiber
C. DNA < nucleosome < histone < 30-nm fiber
D. DNA < histone < 30-nm fiber < nucleosome
 Which of the following types of RNA are transcribed by RNA polymerase II?

1. mRNA
2. tRNA
3. snRNA
4. rRNA
5. siRNA
6. miRNA
A. 1, 2, 5, and 6
B. 2, 3, 5, and 6
C. 1, 3, 5, and 6
D. 1, 2, 3, and 6
 Which of the following types of RNA are transcribed by RNA polymerase II?

1. mRNA
2. tRNA
3. snRNA
4. rRNA
5. siRNA
6. miRNA
A. 1, 2, 5, and 6
B. 2, 3, 5, and 6
C. 1, 3, 5, and 6
D. 1, 2, 3, and 6
 Processing of ____ occurs in the _____ and requires the action of a group of RNAs
known as _____ as well as proteins including _____.
A. rRNA; nucleolus; snoRNAs; exonucleases
B. tRNA; nucleus; snRNAs; splicing factors
C. rRNA; nucleolus; snRNAs; kinases
D. mRNA; nucleus; snoRNAs; deadenylases
 Processing of ____ occurs in the _____ and requires the action of a group of RNAs
known as _____ as well as proteins including _____.
A. rRNA; nucleolus; snoRNAs; exonucleases
B. tRNA; nucleus; snRNAs; splicing factors
C. rRNA; nucleolus; snRNAs; kinases
D. mRNA; nucleus; snoRNAs; deadenylases