A Project Presentation Review-01 On

33/11KV Substation
 18291EE084-O.Kavyasree
 18291EE085-P.Hemanth
 18291EE086-P.Sai krishna
 18291EE087-P.Haritha
 18291EE088-P.Mehatab
 18291EE089-P.Sai chakraVathi
 18291EE090-P.Tharaknath
Under the esteemed guidance of
Mr.T.VENKATESWARLU, M.TECH,
Lecturer in DEEE ,
DIPLOMA IN ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
SREE VIDYANIKETAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS)
2ND SHIFT POLYTECHNIC,
SREE SAINATH NAGAR, A.RANGAMPETA,TIRUPATHI- 517102,
Contents:

 Objective
 Introduction
 Various equipments in the substation
 Advantages and disadvantages of the equipments
 Up to this month
 On going
 Any Queries
OBJECTIVE

 The main Objective of the Distribution system is to distribute the generated power from
Distribution substation to the consumer premises with the help of some devices like
transformers,lighting arresters,insulators etc.
INTRODUCTION
• Dtribution system discuss how the Power that
is generated by Power stations are Supplies to
the consumers i.e.,Industrial purpose or
household etc.
• Distribution system Includes the main
distribution substation (132/66Kv), sub
distribution substation (Large 66/33kv and
small 33/11kv)and distribution system directly
to the consumers (11kv to 230v). And best
example for distribution system is distribution
substation.
• Here we are taking chandragiri substation as
example (132/33kv) distribution substation.
• The substation is a place consisting of different
electrical apparatus which are helpful to
generate the power and distribute to consumers
via high voltage transmission lines and poles.
VARIOUS EQUIPMENTS IN A
SUBSTATION
 Lighting arrester
 Circuit breaker
 Insulator
 Isolator
 Distribution transformer
 Earthing
 Busbar
 Capacitor bank
 Fetching
 Distribution panel board
LIGHTING
ARRESTER
• The device which is used for the
protection of the equipment at the
substations against traveling waves (or)
surges caused by the atmospheric
lightning. Such device is known as
lightning arrester (or)surge diverter.
• It diverts the abnormal high voltage to
the ground without affecting the
continuity of supply.
• It is connected between the line and earth
I.e.,in parallel with the equipment to be
protected at the substation.
Applications

 It is used to protect the generators,transformers,busbar,circuit breaker etc.,in extra high

voltage ac system.
 It is used to protect the buses,valves converter unit reactors, filter etc,in high voltage dc
system.
 It is used on electric power systems and tele communication systems to protect the
insulation and conductors of the system from the damaging effects of lightning.
CIRCUIT
BREAKER
• A circuit breaker is an automatically operated
electrical switch designed to protect an
electrical circuit from damage caused by
excessive current from an overload (or) short
circuit.
• Its basic function is to interrupt current Flow
after a fault is detected and it is mainly
designed for closing or opening of an electrical
circuit.
ADVANTAGES

 It protects the equipments from damages caused by excessive currents.

 It is more reliable.
 It is very sensitive in operation.
 It can be reset as it operates via a switch.

DISADVANTAGES :
 Installation and repair is expensive as compared to fuse.
 Fuse reacts faster compared to circuit breaker.
ISOLATOR
• It is a knife switch and it is designed to
open circuit under no load.
• These are used to isolate the equipment
for maintenance and also for transfer of
load from one bus to another.
• It is used on both sides of circuit breakers
inorder to carry repairs and replacements
without any danger.
• Its main function is to isolate one portion
of the circuit from the other when no
current is flowing in the line.
INSULATOR
The main function of an insulator is to insulate the
live conductor or the equipment at different
voltages with reference to the ground structures as
well as provide mechanical support.
• Provision of adequate insulation in a
substation is of primary importance from the
point of view of reliability of supply and safety
of personnel.
1. The insulator is shown in the figure.
Types:

 Pin type insulator

Used for the straight running path poles of voltages having up to 33kv.
 Suspension type Insulator
Used for the straight running poles of voltages >33kv.
 Strain type insulator
Used for the turning points and dead ends of having voltage >33kv.
 Shackle type insulator
Used for voltages up to 11kv.
 Reel type insulator
Used for the neutral wire.
Distribution transformer

• A distribution transformer is also known as a typical

kind of isolation transformer.
• The main function of this transformer is to alter the
high voltage to the normal voltage like 132/33kv to
use in electric power distribution.
• Generally these transformers are available in different
sizes with efficiencies along with insulating oil.these
transformers are of having 4 types of connections in
the distribution system. They are:
• Star-star- high voltage and small current conditions.
• Delta-delta- high current and small voltage conditions.
• Star-delta- used for step down purposes.
• Delta-star- used for step up purposes.
CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS:

The designing of a distribution transformer can be done similarly to small size transformers.
The following are the main parts of the transformer..
 Core
The purpose of core is to provide a path of low reluctance for the magnetic flux and the core
is made up of silicon sheet laminations to reduce eddy currents.
 Windings
Windings are made up of copper conductors and are placed in the core as shown in the
previous fig.
 Conservator
It expands and contrasts the oil in the tank during weather conditions and it is placed over the
transformer, it maintains oil level in the tank.
 Breather
It prevents the entry of moisture in the air and allows the dry air in to the transformer. It
consists of silica gel which plays major role during moisture absorption,initially it is in blue
color after absorption it turns into pink.
 The oil gage is used to indicate the oil level in the transformer
 The temperature gauge detects the temperature of oil.
 Buccholz relay is used to clear the faults like loss of oil etc.,and it gives an alarm sound or
trip the coil during faults.
 Bushings are used to connect the internal windings of the transformer with the help of an
electrical network.
 EARTHING

Definition:

The process of transferring the immediate discharges of the

electrical energy directly to the earth by the help of the low
resistance wire is known as electric earthing.
 The electric earthing is done by connecting the non-current
carrying part of the equipment or neutral of supply system to
the ground.
 The earthing plays an important role in the whole
distribution system, not only in distribution but also in every
electrical aspect.
 The given figure will give a brief idea about the Earthing
system.
UP TO THIS MONTH

 From the last few months we studied about how the electrical
apparatus/appliances/equipments are working ,their advantages and disadvantages and
how they are useful in the power distribution.
ON GOING

 At present we are studying about remaining electrical appliances working,uses,advantages

and disadvantages in the power distribution.
ANY QUERIES
THANK YOU