Hepatitis D virus

АУС-329 Э. БОЛОРХҮҮ
Ш. МИНЖИН
Т. ХОНГОРЗУЛ
 Definition
ПАРЭНТЕРАЛЬ ЗАМААР ДАМЖДАГ ВИРҮСИЙН ШАЛТГААНТ ӨВЧИН ЮМ.

“Халдварт өвчин” 2018 он

https://www.researchgate.net/figur
e/Schematic-representation-of-HB
V-HDV-transmission-dynamics-in-a
-population_fig6_265914783
  Three kinds of HBV
Virology envelope protein -
large, medium, and
small hepatitis B
surface antigens
 The nucleocapsid
contains single-
stranded, circular RNA
of 1679 nucleotides
 HDV is the smallest
"virus“
 It has been labeled as
an “orphan” disease
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4IyoRobcogA https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4
988222/
Classification

 Hepatitis delta virus - 1 (USA, Europe, China)

 Hepatitis delta virus - 2 (Japan)
 Hepatitis delta virus - 3 (South America)
 Hepatitis delta virus - 4 (Taiwan, Japan)
 Hepatitis delta virus - 5 (Africa)
 Hepatitis delta virus - 6 (Africa)
 Hepatitis delta virus - 7 (Africa)
 Hepatitis delta virus - 8 (Africa)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_D
Epidemiology

https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Global-epidemiology-of-HDV-infection-according-to-viral-genotype-
HDV-genotype-1-is-the_fig4_227196068
Life cycle and pathogenesis

https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(10)6
31-9/fulltext
https://
image.cdn.com/hepatitisd-160307065818/95/hepatitis-d-11-638.
 The symptoms of hepatitis D are similar to hepatitis B, such as:

 loss of appetite.
 fever
 nausea and vomiting.
 tiredness.
 pain in the liver
 (upper, right side of abdomen)
 muscle and joint pain.
 rash
 jaundice (yellowish eyes and skin, dark urine and pale-
coloured faeces. (CDC 2006)
https://www.sahealth.sa.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/public+content/sa+health+internet/health+topics/health+conditions+pre
vention+and+treatment/infectious+diseases/hepatitis/hepatitis+d+-+including+symptoms+treatment+and+prevention
Laboratory Testing
 First
 Detection of HDV markers in
 Specific markers in the
the blood of HBsAg positive
patients
blood serum:
▪ HDV RNA (molecular
 Who else should be tested: hybridization)
 Intravenous drug users ▪ HDAg (ELISA and RIA)
 Hemodialysis patients ▪ Anti HDV (ELISA and RIA)
 Health care and public safety
workers
https://arupconsult.com/content/hepatitis-delta-virus#diagnosis
Diagnosis

 Coinfection  Superinfection
 HBsAg (+)  HBsAg (+)
 Anti HBc IgM(+)  Anti HBc IgM(-)
 Anti HDV IgM(+)  Anti HDV IgM(+)

During the procedure, along with the confirmation of HDV

presence, it is necessary to clarify the stage of infection.
Treatment

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5580405/
https://www.intechopen.com/books/drug-discovery-and-development-from-molecules-to-medicine/current
-management-and-novel-therapeutic-strategies-to-combat-chronic-delta-hepatitis
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5580405/
Prevention
 Hepatitis B vaccination will prevent infection with hepatitis D.
 Any open sores, cuts or abrasions should be covered with
waterproof dressings
 Practice safer sex – use condoms consistently and correctly.
 Injecting drug users should never share injecting equipment.
 If required to handle blood or body fluids, the use of standard
precautions will reduce the risk of spreading hepatitis D virus.
 Infected health care workers must comply with the requirements
of their professional boards.
https://www.sahealth.sa.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/public+content/sa+health+internet/health+topics/
health+conditions+prevention+and+treatment/infectious+diseases/hepatitis/hepatitis+d+-+including+
symptoms+treatment+and+prevention