Network devices

Network devices are components used to

connect computers or other electronic devices
together
So that they can share files or resources.
Types of Network Devices
NIC(Network Interface Card)
Modem
Repeater
Hub
Bridge
Switch
Router 1
NIC
 A network interface card is a piece of computer
hardware designed to allow computers to
communicate over a computer network.
 The computers that are part of Ethernet have to install
a special card called Ethernet Card.
An Ethernet supports three types of connections:
 RJ-45 connection, if it is designed for twisted pair
 BNC Connector, if it is designed for coaxial cable
 AUI connector , 15-pin physical connector interface

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Onboard NIC(RJ-45)

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PCI NIC

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RJ-45Connector

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BNC-Connector

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AUI Connector

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Modulation
Modulation is the process of conversion
of binary signal/digital signal to analog signal

Three types of modulation techniques

1.AM (Amplitude Modulation)
2.FM (Frequency Modulation)
3.PM (Phase Modulation)

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Modem
A modem is a computer peripheral that
allows us to connect and communicate with
other computers via telephone lines.

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Modem(Modulator-Demodulator)
In other words, Modem (Modulator-Demodulator)
It is a communication device
 That converts binary signal into analog signals
(Modulation) for transmission over the telephone lines
and converts
These analog signals back into binary form
( Demodulation) at the receiving end.

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Two Types of Modem
Internal Modem
External Modem
Internal Modem
 Modems that are fixed within the computers.
 The advantage of an internal modem no extra wires
required for installation.
Internal modems get their power from the computer's
power supply.
Internal modems cannot be viewed from outside the
computer except in the back of the unit.
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Internal Modem

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External Modem
External Modems connected externally to the
computer.
External modems require a power source and extra
wires to connect to the computer.
The advantage of external modems is that they feature
lights on the front so you can monitor the connection
status.

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External Modem

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Repeater
Repeater is a network device that is used to regenerate
or replicate the signal that are weakened or distorted
by transmission over long distance and through areas
with high levels of Electromagnetic Interference(EMI).
Layer1 device(Physical Layer of OSI Model-Electrical
signal)
Distance Limitation

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HUB
A Hub is a hardware device used to connect several
computers together. A hub contains multiple ports.
Hubs are either Passive or Active
ACTIVE HUBS:
Electrically amplifies the signal as it moves from one
connected device to the other.
PASSIVE HUBS:
Allows the signal to pass from one computer to
another without any change.

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HUB

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Function of Hub
Hub Forward any data packets – including e-mail, word
documents, spreadsheet, graphics - they receive over one port to all
of the remaining ports. All users connected to a single hub are in
the same segment.
Hub is a Broadcast device
Layer 1 device(Physical Layer of OSI Model-Electrical signal)
Half-Duplex
Hub send data in the form of packets
Hub is cheep and simple but, waste bandwidth.
Lots of unnecessary traffic
Security Problem
Better Replaced to switch

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Bridge
A network bridge is a computer networking device
that creates a single aggregate network from
multiple communication networks or network
segments. This function is called network bridging.
Bridging is distinct from routing, which allows
multiple different networks to communicate
independently while remaining separate.

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Bridge Connection
A network bridge is software or hardware that
connects two or more networks so that they can
communicate.
People with home or small office networks generally
use a bridge
when they have different types of networks but they
want to exchange information or share files among all
of the computers on those networks.

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Transparent Bridge
A transparent bridge is essentially used to learn the
MAC addresses of all nodes and their associated port,
to filter incoming frames.
 whose destination MAC addresses are located on the
same incoming port, and to forward incoming frames
to the destination MAC through their associated port.

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Ethernet Bridge
An Ethernet network bridge is a device which
connects two different local area networks together.
Both networks must connect using the same Ethernet
protocol.
Bridges can also be used to add remote computers to
a LAN.
Many bridges can connect multiple computers or
other compatible devices with or without wires.

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Wireless Bridge
A wireless bridge connects two wired networks
together over Wi-Fi.
The wireless bridge acts as a client, logging in to the
primary router and getting an Internet connection.
which it passes on to the devices connected to its LAN

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Switch
Switch is a multicast network device
Layer 2 device(Data Link Layer of OSI Model-Frames)
Full Duplex
SWITCH send data in form of frames
SWITCH store s and uses MAC address of a devices to
transfer data

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Switch

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Two Types of Switch

Unmanaged Switch
Managed Switch
Unmanaged Switch:
An unmanaged switch simply allows Ethernet devices
to communicate with one another, such as a PC or
network printer, and those are typically what we call
“plug and play.”
They are shipped with a fixed configuration and do not
allow any changes to this configuration.

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Unmanaged Switch

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Managed Switch
Managed switches provide all the features of an
unmanaged switch .
And provide the ability to configure, manage, and
monitor your LAN.
And this gives you greater control over how data
travels over the network and who has access to it.

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Managed Switch

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Also, managed switches use protocols
such as the Simple Network Management Protocol, or
what we call SNMP, for monitoring the devices on the
network.
 SNMP is a protocol that facilitates the exchange of
management information between network devices.
SNMP queries can determine the health of the
network or the status of a particular device.

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By displaying this data in an easily understood format.
IT managers located at a central site can monitor the
performance of the network
And quickly detect and repair network problems
without having to physically interact with the switch.

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Different Between Unmanaged and
Managed Switch
Unmanaged Switch
Fixed Configuration – HUB for plug and
play
No control over traffic – Switch is just a
junction box
No Security other than accessories such
as lockable port covers etc.
SNMP is not an option
Cheep but just a dumb splitter box
Managed Switch
Switch can be configured
Control over LAN traffic – Priority
Control over Access – Security
SNMP(Simple Network Management
Protocol) – Allows for remote
troubleshooting of network
More expensive – But feature such as
VLAN’s Port Mirroring , redundancy
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How switch is differ form Hub
Hub is a broadcast device data send from one pc to all.
But, switch is a multicast device which can data send
to a particular pc you want

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Router
Router is a Networking Device
Layer 3 device(Network Layer of OSI Model-Packets)
It is used to connect two or more different network
devices
Full Duplex
Router send data in the form of packets
Router uses IP address to transfer data

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Wired & Wireless Router

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How the Router is differ form Switch or Hub
Hub and switch are networking device use to connect
to pc or any device on the same network. But router is
a device use to connect two or more different network
device.

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Different between Hub Switch and Router
Hub Switch Router
HUB works in physical Hub works in Data Link Hub works in Network
Layer of OSI Model Layer of OSI Model Layer of OSI Model

HUB is used to connect SWITCH is used to ROUTER is used to

devices in the same connect devices in the connect two or more
network same network different network

HUB send data in the SWITCH send data in ROUTER send data in the
form of packets form of frames form of packets

HUB only works in the SWITCH only works in ROTER only works in the
half duplex the Full duplex Full duplex

Only one device can send Multiple device can send Multiple device can send
data at a time data at the same time data at the same time

HUB does not store any SWITCH store s and uses ROUTER uses IP address 37