TUGAS

Anton Hilman
 Decongestants
• Action: stimulates alpha adrenergic receptor to constrict arteries within the
nasal mucosa. many cells have these receptors, to stimulate sympathetic.
• Treats congestion from cold, sinusitis and infections
• Reactions- increased blood pressure, increased heart rate, insomnia,
anxiety, tremors, rebound effect
• Considerations- should be avoided by patient who have DM, heart disease,
enlarged prostate, tourette’s syndrome

Katzung, B. G., Kruidering-Hall, M., & Trevor, A. J. (2012). Katzung & Trevor's pharmacology: Examination & board review . New York: McGraw-Hill
Education.
 Decongestant
Internally or systemic decongestant:
• pseudoephedrine,
• phenylpropanolamine (PPA) and
• phenylephrine).

Topical decongestant: drops or sprays

• Xylometazoline
• phenylephrine,
• Oxymetazoline
• naphazoline
Katzung, B. G., Kruidering-Hall, M., & Trevor, A. J. (2012). Katzung & Trevor's pharmacology: Examination & board review . New
York: McGraw-Hill Education.
 Mechanism Of Action

Katzung, B. G., Kruidering-Hall, M., & Trevor, A. J. (2012). Katzung & Trevor's pharmacology: Examination & board review . New York: McGraw-Hill
Education.
Katzung, B. G., Kruidering-Hall, M., & Trevor, A. J. (2012). Katzung & Trevor's pharmacology: Examination & board review . New York: McGraw-Hill
Education.
• the decongestants can cause hypertension, decompensation of heart failure,
myocardial infarction, tachycardia in risk patient. Ex: Hypertensive patient

Kaya, Z., & Tuncez, A. (2013). Adverse Cardiac Effects Of Decongestant Agents. European Journal of General Medicine, 10(Supplement 1), 32-35. 
https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/82301
Głowacka, K.; Wiela-Hoje´nska, A. Pseudoephedrine—Benefits and Risks. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 5146.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ ijms22105146
 Effect of Pseudoefedrin
• The effects of PSE in elderly patients have not been specifically investigated.

• It isrecommended to follow the adult dosage regimen, with special attention to

kidney and liver function.

• Oral use of PDE can induce Hypertension, Arrhytmia in risk population

• Overdosing in people over 60 years of age can cause hallucinations, CNS

depression, seizures and death.

Głowacka, K.; Wiela-Hoje´nska, A. Pseudoephedrine—Benefits and Risks. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 5146.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ ijms22105146
 • the decongestants containing phenylephrine or pseudoephedrine may cause an
elevated blood pressure.

• Alternative therapies such as nasal saline, intranasal corticosteroids, and

antihistamines should be considered

ARONOW, W.. Drug-induced causes of secondary hypertension. Annals of Translational Medicine, North America, 5, jun. 2017. Available at:
<https://atm.amegroups.com/article/view/15358>. Date accessed: 12 Jan. 2022.
 Nasal Crease
• nasal crease  persistent transverse hyperpigmented or hypopigmented line
extending across the junction of the lower and middle thirds of the bridge of the nose.
• Allergic salute  action rubbed nose in an upward manner

nasal crease

Myers, W.A. (1960). The "nasal crease". A physical sign of allergic rhinitis. JAMA, 174, 1204-6 .
B Zhang, L Ma. N Engl J Med 2021. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMicm2111716