What happens to

Research without RRL?

What happens to a research without RRL?

• A research needs RRL to be scholarly.

• Scholarly: concerned with or relating to

formal study or research.
What happens to a research without RRL?

• Most researchers benefit from RRL in order

to locate the value of adding knowledge.
• Without RRL, the research may be obsolete
or irrelevant.
What happens to a research without RRL?

• Examples are Rapid Appraisals and Action

Researches.
• Both are aimed at generating quick action
recommendations rather than deeper
analyses.
What happens to a research without RRL?

• Another example is Capstone Research,

where the intention is more of generating
computer or engineering designs.
• While it can benefit from a few related
literature, capstones may not require
such.
How do you Attribute or
Cite Literature?
How do you Attribute or Cite Literature?

• Citing literature means making a reference

to any literature used in research.
Attribution
Attribution

• Attributing is recognizing and acknowledging

literature as sources of original ideas.
• Attribution is done by rephrasing or
restating an original idea that came from
the author or writer.
Attribution

• The rephrased or restated idea becomes

another idea that came from several
original sources.
• Attribution is also known as indirect
citation.
Citation
Citation

• Citation is a form of directly making use of

the original idea of an author or writer.
• Direct quotation of words and sentences are
borrowed using open and close quotation
marks.
Citation

• A good research is a good blend of

attribution and citation.
• However, mature researchers are expected
to have more attribution than citation.
• A research that consists only of pure
citations is also not good.
Citation

• Balance must be established in making use

of original ideas, borrowed ideas, attributed
ideas or cited ideas.
• A research that over-uses literature is also
not good; it loses the identity of the
researcher or writer.
LSA Style Sheet (Linguistic Society of America)- Linguistics

Book
Wilson, Deirdre. 1975. Presuppositions and non-truth-conditional
semantics. London: Academic Press.
Journal article
Van Der Sandt, Rob A. 1992. Presupposition projection as
anaphora resolution. Journal of Semantics 9.333-77
Website
Donohue, Mark. 2009. Geography is more robust than
linguistics.
Science e-letter, 13 August 2009. Online:
http:/www.sciencemag.org/cgi/eletters/324/5926/464-c
AMS (American Mathematical Society)-
Mathematics
Book
C.P. Bruter, Mathematics and Art, Springer, Paris, 2002.
Journal article
S. Dostoglou, S.: On the asymptotics of the finite energy
Solutions of the Yang-Mills-Higgs equations, Journal of
Mathematical Physics, 31, 2490-2496 (1990).
Website
G.P. Michon. Final answers: Perimiter of an ellipse
http://numericana.com/answer/ellipse.htm( updated May 17,
2011)
AMA (American Medical Association)-
Medicine
Book
Berger S. Allotment gardening : An organic guide for beginners.
Devon, England: Green Books, Ltd.; 2005.
Journal article
Porell F, Carter M. Discretionary hospitalization of nursing home
residents with and without Alzheimer’s disease: a multilevel
analysis. J aging Health. 2005;17(2):207-238.
Website
Mayo Clinic Staff. Organic foods: Are they safer? More nutritious? The
Mayo Clinic.
http:/www.mayoclinic.com/health/organic-food/NU00225.
Published December 20, 2010. Accessed March 13, 2008.