INTRODUCTION :

Petroleum System
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OUTLINE
Petroleum System Definition

Petroleum System Elements

Petroleum System Process

 What is Petroleum System?

The Petroleum system is a concept of hydrocarbons distribution

below the earth's surface. Petroleum systems can also explain how
a hydrocarbon is formed and accumulated in a sedimentary basin.
Petroleum System
Elements
Source Rock

Source rocks are rocks that contain sufficient organic material

to create hydrocarbons when subjected to heat and pressure
over time. Source rocks are usually shales or limestones
(sedimentary rocks).
Reservoir Rocks

In petroleum geology, reservoir is one of the elements of

petroleum system that can accumulate hydrocarbons (oil or
gas). Reservoir rock important physical properties are
porosity and permeability.
 Seal Rock

Seal rock is a rock that cannot transmit oil. Seal rock has very
little permeability, so it cannot drain fluid through its pores.
An example of seal rock is limestone.
Petroleum System
Process
Oil Generation

Oil generation is a maturation process through a biological,

physical, or chemical change from kerogen to oil and gas.
Different kerogen types generate hydrocarbons at different
maturity levels and have different transformation rates.
Migration

Migration is the transportation process of oil and gas from

the source rock to the reservoir rock. Migration happens
because the hydrocarbons formed in the source rock will
generally move to areas of lower pressure.
 Accumulation

Accumulations are traps that contain oil or gas.

Accumulation happens when hydrocarbons migrate into and
remain trapped in a reservoir.
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