Lecture 10

PIPES FLOW ANALYSIS

CED, CECOS University, Peshawar

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 Pipe Flow Analysis
• Pipeline system used in water distribution may range from simple
arrangement to extremely complex one.

• Problems regarding pipelines are usually tackled by the use of continuity and
energy equations.

• The head loss due to friction is usually calculated using the D-W (Darcy
Weisbach) equation while the minor losses are computed using equations
depending on the appropriate conditions.
 Pipes in Series
 When two or more pipes of different
diameters or roughness are connected
in such a way that the fluid follows a
single flow path throughout the
system, the system represents a series
pipeline. Figure 6.11: Pipelines in series

 In a series pipeline the total energy

loss is the sum of the individual minor
losses and all pipe friction losses.
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 Pipes in Parallel
• A combination of two or more
pipes connected between two
points so that the discharge
divides at the first junction and
rejoins at the next is known as Figure 4.12:
Pipelines in parallel
pipes in parallel. Here the head
loss between the two junctions
is the same for all pipes.
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Example:
• A pipe 6-cm in diameter, 1000m long and with f = 0.018 is
connected in parallel between two points M and N with another
pipe 8-cm in diameter, 800-m long and having f = 0.020. A total
discharge of 20 L/s enters the parallel pipe through division at A
and rejoins at B. Estimate the discharge in each of the pipe.
Solution:
Continuity: Q = Q1 + Q2 Substitute (2) into (1)
0.8165V2 + 1.778 V2 = 7.074
 
0.02  (0.06) 2 V12  (0.08) 2 V22 (1) V2 = 2.73 m/s
4 4
V1  1.778V2  7.074 
Q 2  A 2 V2  (0.08) 2 x 2.73
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Pipes in parallel: hf1 = hf2 Q 2 = 0.0137 m3/s
L1V12 L2V22 From (2):
f  f
2 gD1 2 gD2
V1 = 0.8165 V2 = 0.8165x2.73 = 2.23 m/s
0.018x1000 2 0.020 x800 2
V1  V2
0.06 0.08 Q1 = 0.0063 m3/s
V1  0.8165V2 (2)

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Example :Two pipes connect two reservoirs (A and B) which have a height difference of
10m. Pipe 1 has diameter 50mm and length 100m. Pipe 2 has diameter 100mm and length
100m. Both have entry loss k = 0.5 and exit loss k =1.0 and Darcy ‘f’ of 0.008.

Calculate:

a) Rate of flow for each pipe

b) The diameter D of a pipe 100m long that could replace the two pipes and provide the
same flow

Solve Yourself

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THE END

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