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  • Six Day in Computer Fundamentals

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    Prashant Tandan
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    1) There are five generations of computers defined by the underlying technology used - vacuum tubes, transistors, integrated circuits, very large scale integrated circuits, and ultra large scale integrated circuits. 2) First generation computers (1946-1959) were large, slow, expensive, and used vacuum tubes. Second generation computers (1959-1965) were smaller, faster, cheaper and used transistors. 3) Third generation computers (1965-1971) were smaller, faster, used less energy, and had larger memory due to integrated circuits. Fourth generation computers (1971-1980) were very small, fast, energy efficient, and used very large scale integrated circuits.

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    1) There are five generations of computers defined by the underlying technology used - vacuum tubes, transistors, integrated circuits, very large scale integrated circuits, and ultra large scale integrated circuits. 2) First generation computers (1946-1959) were large, slow, expensive, and used vacuum tubes. Second generation computers (1959-1965) were smaller, faster, cheaper and used transistors. 3) Third generation computers (1965-1971) were smaller, faster, used less energy, and had larger memory due to integrated circuits. Fourth generation computers (1971-1980) were very small, fast, energy efficient, and used very large scale integrated circuits.

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    22 views14 pages

    Six Day in Computer Fundamentals

    Uploaded by

    Prashant Tandan
    1) There are five generations of computers defined by the underlying technology used - vacuum tubes, transistors, integrated circuits, very large scale integrated circuits, and ultra large scale integrated circuits. 2) First generation computers (1946-1959) were large, slow, expensive, and used vacuum tubes. Second generation computers (1959-1965) were smaller, faster, cheaper and used transistors. 3) Third generation computers (1965-1971) were smaller, faster, used less energy, and had larger memory due to integrated circuits. Fourth generation computers (1971-1980) were very small, fast, energy efficient, and used very large scale integrated circuits.

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    of 14

    COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS

    (Introduction of computer)
    Six Day
    GENERATION
    OF
    COMPUTER
    WHAT IS THE GENERATION ?

    The computer based upon the older technology of


    electronics have been replaced by a newer form of
    machines, and this stages are called Generation of
    computer.
    There are five generations of Computer.
    FIRST GENERATION COMPUTER (1946-1959)

    (i) Large in size, taking up a lot of space in a (vii) Required air condition to cool down
    room. It weighed over 30 tons  the heat generated.
    (ii) Very Slow input and output devices. (viii) Difficult to maintain.
    (iii) High electric consumption. Ex. Of First Generation Computer:-
    (iv) Costly to buy. 1. ENIAC
    (v) Limited memory space. 2. EDVAC
    (vi) Depend on vacuum tubes for internal
    3. UNIVAC
    operation.
    (Vii ) The first generation computers worked on 4. IBM-701
    binary-coded concept 5. IBM-650
    ( Language 0,1)
    FIRST GENERATION OF COMPUTER VACUUM TUBES
    SECOND GENERATION COMPUTER (1959-1965)

    (i) Small in size. Example:-


    (ii) Low cost. Second Generation Computer:-
    (iii) faster than the first generation Computer. 1. IBM 1620
    (iv) Less electric consumption. 2. IBM 7094
    (v) Increased Memory space. 3. CDC 1604
    (vi) Using transistor, replacing the vacuum 4. CDC 3600
    tube. 5. UNIVAC 1108.
    (vii) Generate less heat.
    (viii) Easy to maintain.
    SECOND GENERATION OF COMPUTER TRANSISTORS
    THIRD GENERATION COMPUTER (1965 – 1971)

    (i) Small in size. Example:-


    (ii) Low cost. Third Generation Computer:-
    (iii) High speed. • IBM-360 series
    (iv) Less electric consumption. • Honeywell-6000 series
    (v) Large Memory space, due to replacement of • PDP (Personal Data Processor)
    memory in chip. • IBM-370/168
    (vi) Using integrated circuit (IC) replacing • TDC-316
    transistor.
    (vii) The third generation computer generated
    less heat.
    (viii) Easy to maintain.
    THIRD GENERATION OF COMPUTER IC ( Integrated Circuit )
    FOURTH GENERATION COMPUTER (1971 – 1980)

    (I) Very Small in size. Example:-


    (ii) Very low cost. Fourth Generation Computer:-
    (iii) Very High speed. 1. DEC 10
    (iv) Very less electric consumption. 2. STAR 1000
    (v) Much memory space. 3. PDP 11
    (vi) Using VLSI (Very Large Scale Integrated 4. CRAY-1(Super Computer)
    Circuit) replacing IC. 5. CRAY-X-MP(Super Computer)
    (vii) Generate very less heat.
    (viii) Very easy to maintain.
    VLSI (Very Large Scale
    Integrated Circuit)

    FOURTH GENERATION OF COMPUTER


    FIFTH GENERATION COMPUTER (1981 –TILL DATE)
    • ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integrated) technology Some computer types of
    this generation
    • Development of true artificial intelligence
    are −
    • Development of Natural language processing
    1. Desktop
    • Development of expert systems to make decisions in real-life
    situations 2. Laptop
    3. NoteBook
    • Natural language understanding and generation
    4. UltraBook
    • More user-friendly interfaces with multimedia features
    5. ChromeBook
    • Availability of very powerful and cheaper rates

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