ENZYMES

BY:  ALANOUD OBEIDAT

WHAT ARE ENZYMES ?

• PROTEINS THAT ACT AS BIOLOGICAL

CATALYSTS.
• A CATALYST INCREASES THE RATE OF
REACTION WITHOUT BEING CHEMICALLY USED
UP OR CHANGED BY THE REACTION ITSELF.
• ENZYMES ARE  ESSENTIAL TO KEEP CHEMICAL
REACTIONS IN OUR BODIES FAST ENOUGH FOR
SURVIVAL.
• ENZYMES ARE SPECIFIC TO ONE
PARTICULAR SUBSTRATE AS THE ACTIVE
SITE OF THE ENZYME, WHERE THE
SUBSTRATE ATTACHES, IS A
COMPLEMENTARY SHAPE TO THE
SUBSTRATE.
• This is known as key and lock hypothesis
• When the substrate moves into the enzyme’s active
site they become known as the enzyme-substrate
complex
• After the reaction has occurred, the products leave the
enzyme’s active site as they no longer fit it and it is
free to take up another substrate
 EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE
ON ENXYME FUNCTION
• Enzymes work fastest at their optimum temperature in the
human body, the optimum temperature is 37⁰C
• At low temperatures, activity is low because molecules have
very little energies and less chances of successful collisions
• At high temperatures, bonds inside the enzyme becomes
broken
• This causes the active site to change
• The substrate won't fit inside the active site anymore
• This is known as DENATURATION which is irreversible 
Effect of temperature on enzymes
function
 Effect of pH level on enzyme
function
• The optimum pH for most enzymes is 7 but some that are produced
in acidic conditions, such as the stomach, have a lower optimum
pH (pH 2) and some that are produced in alkaline conditions, such
as the duodenum, have a higher optimum pH (pH 8 or 9)
• At high or low pH chemical bonds inside the enzyme becomes
broken
• This changes the shape of the active site 
• The substrate won't fit into the active site
• This is known as DENATURATION which causes the enzymes to
stop functioning 
Effect of pH level on enzyme
function