PHARMACODYN

AMICS
NAME : B.SENTHIL KUMAR
REG NO : 20BTBT043
SUBJECT: BIOCHEMISTRY
PHARMACODYNAMICS
Introduction and Definition

 Principles of Drug Action  Mechanism of Drug Action

1. stimulation 1. enzyme
2. depression 2. ion channels
3. irritation 3. transporters
4. replacement 4. receptors
5. cytotoxic action
PHARMACON : DRUG

DYNAMICS : POWER
WHAT THE DRUG DOES TO
THE BODY ?
PHARMACOLOGY
Physiological and biochemical effects of
drugs and their MOA at organ system,
subcellular and macro molecular level
IS THE STUDY OF
 What the drug do
 How the drug do
 Action – effect sequence
 Dose – effect relationship
PRICIPLES
OF
DRUG
ACTION
CLASSIFIED AS:
1. stimulation
2. depression
3. irritation
4. replacement
5. cytotoxic action
1. STIMULATION:
 Drug selectively enhance the level of activity of specialized cells

 Eg.
Adrenaline HEART
Pilocarpine SALIVARY GLANDS
2. DEPRESSION
 Drug selectively depress activity of specialized cells.

 Eg.
Barbiturates CNS
LA Nerve conduction
3. IRRITATION
Drug creates selective noxious effect
on less specialized cells
 MILD :-

1.stimulate function

 STRONG :-

1. Inflammation
2. Necrosis
3. Corrosion
4. Damage
 4. REPLACEMENT
Use of natural metabolites and hormones in
deficiency states.
Eg.
Levodopa Parkinsonism
Insulin DM
Iron Anemia
MECHANISM
OF
DRUG
ACTION
DRUG TARGET
MOLECULE

PROTEIN

4 BASIC CATGORIES
THE CATEGORIES ARE:
 ENZYME
 ION CHANNELS
 TRANSPORTERS
 RECEPTORS
I. ENZYMES
- VERY IMPORTANT

- ALL BIOLOGICAL REACTIONS

DRUGS:-
enzymatic activity

ENZYME
STIMULATION

Natural Receptors
Metabolites and
Secondary Messengers
ENZYMATIC REACTIONS

Enzyme Enzyme
Induction Inhibition
 ENZYME INHIBITION

COMPETITIVE NON COMPETITVE

COMPETITIVE INHIBITION
(EQUILIBRIUM TYPE)

Drug Substrate

XXX
Enzyme
 KM : increased
Vmax : unchanged

Substrate displaces DRUG

Maximum reaction of velocity attained

EXAMPLES

 Eg 1:

physostigmine acetylcholine cholinesterase

neostigmine

Eg 2:

sulfanomide PABA Bacterial folate synthesis

 NON EQUILIBRIUM
INHIBITION

Drug Substrate

XXX

enzyme
Methotrecate > DHFA
5000 times

Dihydrofolate reductase

Km
Vmax
NON COMPETITIVE

CS AS

ENZYME
Lose property

KM : unchanged
Vmax : reduced
II. ION CHANNELS

Eg :
LA obstruct Na+ channels ,
Nifedipine block Ca+ channels
Nicorandil opens K+ channels
III. TRANSPORTERS
EG.

Desipramine NET
neural uptake of
noradrenaline

Fluoxetine neuronal
5HT
transporter
IV. RECEPTORS
 Macromolecule / binding site
 Located on surface /within effector cells
 Serves to recognizes the signal molecules
 Initiate response to it
 But itself has no other functions
THANK YOU