CLASSIFICATION

OF
ANAEMIA
By: Saud
ID:
Objective

1. Introduction
2. Definition of anemia
3. Classification of anemia
4. Conclusion
5. References
DEFINITION OF ANAEMIA

“Anaemia is present when the

haemoglobin level in the blood is
below the lower extreme of the
normal range for the age and sex
of the individual.”
CLASSIFICATION OF
ANAEMIA
A. BLOOD LOSS ANAEMIA
1. OVERT BLOOD LOSS
SURGERY

 ACCIDENT
 EPISTAXIS
 RECTAL BLEEDING
 MENORRHAGIA
 RECURRENT
OTHER SITE
BLEEDING FROM
2. OCCULT
ANY BLOOD LOSS
 GI BLEEDING
 GENTI-URINARY BLEEDING
 CLASSIFICATION OF
ANAEMIA
B. IMPAIRED RED CELL PRODUCTION
1. INADEQUATE SUPPLY OF NUTRIENTS
ESSENTIAL FOR ERYTHROPOIESIS.
IRON DEFECIENCY

VITAMIN B-12 DEFECIENCY

FOLIC ACID DEFECIENCY

PROTEIN-CALORI MALNUTRITION

OTHER LESS COMMON DEFECIENCIES

 CLASSIFICATION OF
ANAEMIA
2. DEPRESSION OF ERYTHROPOEITIC ACTIVITY

3. ANAEMIAS ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC DISORDERS.

 INFECTION
 CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISORERS
 INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS
 DISSEMINATED MALIGNANCY
 RENAL DISEASE

4. APLASTIC ANAEMIA
 CLASSIFICATION OF
ANAEMIA
5. ANAEMIA DUE TO REPLACEMENT OF
THE BONE MARROW BY
 LEUKEMIA
 LYMPHOMA
 MYELOPRO
LIFERATIV
 POLYCYTHEMIA
E ESSENTIAL THROMBOCYTHEMIA


CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA

DISORDER
 MYELOFIBROSIS
 MYELOMA
 MYELODYSPLASTIC DISORDERS

6. ANAEMIA DUE TO INHERITED

DISORDERS
 THALASSAEMIA
CLASSIFICATION OF
ANAEMIA
C. EXESSIVE RED CELL DESTRUCTION
(HAEMOLYTIC ANAEMIA)
I. DUE TO INTRINSIC DEFECTS IN
RBCS
a. CONGENITAL
1. MEMBRANE DEFECTS
i. HEREDITARY
SPHEROCYTOSIS
ii. HEREDITARY
ELLIPTOCYTOSIS
iii. HEREDITARY XEROCYTOSIS

iv. HEREDITARY HYDROCYTOSIS

2. HAEMOGLOBIN DEFECTS
i.
HAEMOGLOBINOPATHIES
◊ SICKLE CELL ANAEMIA
◊ OTHER HOMOZYGOUS DISORDERS
◊ Hb D HbC HbE
CLASSIFICATION OF
ANAEMIA
ii. THALASAEMIA
◊  THALASAEMIA
◊  THALASAEMIA

iii. DOUBLE HETEROZYGOUS DISORDER

◊ SICKLE CELL  THALASAEMIA

3. ENZYME DEFECTS
i.NON SPHEROCYTIC CONGENITAL
HAEMOLYTIC ANAEMIA
◊ PYRUVATE KINASE DEFECIENCY OR
OTHER ENZYMES OF EMBDEN MAYER HOF
PATHWAY
◊ DUE TO DEFECIENCY OF G6PD OR OTHER
ENZYMES OF PENTOSE PHOSPHATE
PATHWAY
ii. DRUG INDUCED HAEMOLYTIC
ANAEMIA
CLASSIFICATION OF
ANAEMIA
b. ACQUIRED
1. PAROXYSMAL NOCTURNAL
HAEMOGLOBINURIA

I. DUE TO EXTRINSIC
DEFECTS
a. ACQUIRED
1. IMMUNE MECHANISMS
i. AUTOIMMUNE ACQURIED HAEMOLYTIC
ANAEMIA
◊ WARM ANTIBODY
◊ COLD ANTIBODY
ii. HAEMOLYTIC DISEASE OF
THE NEW BORN
CLASSIFICATION OF
ANAEMIA
2. NON IMMUNE MECHANISMS
MECHANICAL HAEMOLYTIC ANAEMIA
i. CARDIAC HAEMOLYTIC ANAEMIA
ii. MICROANGIOPATHIC HAEMOLYTIC
ANAEMIA
iii. MARCH HAEMOLYTIC ANAEMIA

3. MISCELLANEOUS
i. HAEMOLYTIC ANAEMIA DUE TO DIRECT
ACTIONS OF CHEMICAL AND DRUGS
ii. HAEMOLYTIC ANAEMIA DUE TO
INFECTION
iii. HAEMOLYTIC ANAEMIA
DUE TO BURNS
iv. LEAD POISINING
Conclusion
• The classification of anemia has never been satisfactory.
Attempts have been made by various writers to classify the
anemias according to the etiologic agents involved. From the
therapeutic standpoint not only is it useful to know the cause of
the anemia, but it is important to differentiate the anemias in
accordance with the type of disorder in the hematopoietic
system. Such a differentiation, however, is perhaps even more
difficult at present than an etiologic classification.
References
1. Ginder GD. Microcytic and hypochromic anemias. In: Goldman L, Ausiello
DA, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier;
2007: chapter 163.
2. Zuckerman KS. Approach to the anemias. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds.
Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:
chapter 162.
3. Beutler E, Lichtman MA, Coller BS, et al. Williams hematology. 6th ed.
New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2000.
4. Ginder GD. Microcytic and hypochromic anemias. In: Goldman L, Ausiello
DA, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier;
2007: chapter 163.
5. Brill JR, Baumgardner DJ. Normocytic anemia. Am Fam Physician. 2000
Nov 15;62(10):2255-64.
6. den Elzen WP, van der Weele GM, Gussekloo J, et al. Subnormal vitamin
B12 concentrations and anaemia in older people: a systematic review.
BMC Geriatrics. 2010 Jun 23;10:42.
Thank You