REGENRATIVE BRAKING

Nomenclature
Advantages of RBS
Future Scope
Conclusion
 Introduction
• Regenerative braking systems (RBSs) are a type of kinetic
energy recovery system that transfers the kinetic energy of an
object in motion into potential or stored energy to slow the
vehicle down, and as a result increases fuel efficiency.
Types Of RBS
1-Electromagnetic
In electromagnetic system, the drive shaft of the vehicles is
connected to an electric generator, which uses magnetic fields to
restrict the rotation of the drive shaft, slowing the vehicle and
generating electricity.
2-Flywheel
In flywheel RBS, the system collects the kinetic energy of the
vehicle to spin a flywheel that is connected to the drive shaft
through a transmission and gear box. The spinning flywheel can
then provide torque to the drive shaft, giving the vehicle
a power boost.
3-Spring
In spring RBS, a coil or spring is winded around a cone during
braking to store energy in the form of elastic potential. The
potential can then be returned to assist the driver while going
up hill or over rough terrain.

4-Hydraulic
The hydraulic RBS slows the vehicle by generating electricity
which is then used to compress a fluid. Nitrogen gas is often
chosen as the working fluid. Hydraulic RBSs have the longest
energy storage capability of any system.
 Working Principle of RBS

In regenerative braking mode, the car's engine slows down on an

incline. When force is applied to the brake pedal,the vehicle slows
down and the motor runs in the opposite direction. When operating
in the opposite direction, the engine acts as a generator and converts
torque energy into electrical energy.
Energy Transmission with or without RBS
 Application of RBS In metro

• When the brakes are applied, the frictional energy is 

converted as electrical energy via a 3 phase induction motor.
• The coaches have vacuum, electro-pneumatic and 
electronically controlled pneumatic brakes.
• The amount of power generated is directly proportional to 
speed of the train.
Working of induction motor in RBS
Torque-Speed characteristic comparison when number of poles are changed

• The corresponding point on the curve for 4 number of poles i.e. point ‘A’ lies in
the motoring mode.
•   And the point corresponding to ‘S’ on the curve when number of poles is           
  increased to 8 i.e. point ‘B’ lies in the regenerating mode
Nomencleature
Advantages
 Deceleration from the regenerative braking system suffices
in most cases to slow the vehicle as wanted
 Friction brake is seldom fully used, e.g. for very rapid
deceleration, at low speeds and when stationary
 Noticeable increase in range (electric vehicles)
 Reduced fuel consumption and CO2 emissions —
particularly in urban traffic situations involving frequent
braking and acceleration (hybrid vehicles)
FUTURE SCOPE
Future technologies in regenerative brakes will include new
types of motors which will be more efficient as generators,
new drive train designs which will be built with regenerative
braking in mind, and electric systems which will be less prone
to energy losses.
Conclusion
The regenerative braking system used in the vehicles satisfies
the purpose of saving a part of the energy lost during
braking. Also it can be operated at high temperature range
and are efficient as compared to conventional braking system.
The results from some of the test conducted show that
around 30% of the energy delivered can be recovered by the
system. Regenerative braking system has a wide scope for
further development and the energy savings. The use of more
efficient systems could lead to huge savings in the economy
of any country
THANK YOU
      
OPEN FOR QUESTIONS