RESEARCH

SAMPLING DESIGNS
(PA 298 Research for Social Science)

Presented by:
Mr. John Ladaran
March 12, 2011

Presented to:
Maria Theresa P. Pelones, DM
 Sampling:
 The process of obtaining information from a subset
(sample) of a larger group (population) (webster 1985)

The act, process, or technique of selecting a suitable

sample, or a representative part of a population for the
purpose of determining parameters or characteristics of
the whole population. (Mugo, Fridah)

used to make inferences about a population from a

relatively small number of observations, that are
assumed to be representative of the population.

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Purpose of Sampling:
To draw conclusions about populations from
samples

To accurately describe the parameters of a

population based on the description (statistics) of a
set of elements drawn from the population.

make generalizations about the whole [the

population] which are valid [accurate] and which
allow prediction. If this spoonful needs salt, then it's
likely that this would be true for others as well.
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Terminologies:
Population
* The entire group of people of interest from whom
the researcher needs to obtain information
Sample
* contacting a portion of the population (e.g. 10%)
Census
* the entire population
Element
* one unit from a population

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  Two keys to be considered:
1.) Selecting the right people
Have to be selected scientifically so that they
are representative of the population

2.) Selecting the right number of the right people

To minimize sampling errors

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Principles of sampling
Two keys:
1.) Selecting the right people
- have to be selected scientifically so that they
are representative of the population

2.) Selecting the right number of the right people

- to minimize sampling errors

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Principles of sampling
population Population sample

sample

parameters statistic

Measure the sample using statistics in order to draw

inferences about the population and its parameters

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Principles of sampling
Characteristics of good samples
Truly Representative

Accessible

Low cost

Optimum size

Result can be applied universally with

reasonable level of confidence

Similar to population

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Principles of sampling

population population sample

sample

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Advantages & Disadvantages
Sampling saves time and •There is room for potential bias in
money the selection of suitable subjects
for the research. This may be
Sampling saves labor.
because the researcher selects
A sample coverage permits subjects that are more likely to give
a higher overall level of the desired results, or that the
subjects tend to select themselves.
adequacy than a full
enumeration. •Sampling requires a knowledge of
Complete census is often statistics, and the entire design of
unnecessary, wasteful, and the experiment depends upon the
the burden on the public. exact sampling method required.

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Processes of Sampling Design
1.) Define the population

2.) Identify the sampling frame

3.) Select a sampling design or procedure

4.) Determine the sample size

5.) Draw the sample

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Processes of Sampling Design
Define Population

Determine sampling frame

Determine sampling procedure

Non-Probability
Probability Sampling Sampling

Sample Size

Execute sampling design

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1.) Define the Target Population
It addresses the question “Ideally, who do you want
to survey?”

 It involves
- defining the population units
- setting population boundaries
- screening

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2) Determine the sampling Frame
 Obtaining a list of population (how will you reach
sample)

 Problems with lists

- omissions
- ineligibles
- duplications

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3.) Selecting a Sampling Design
 Probability Sampling
- equal chance of being included in the sample

 Non-probability Sampling
- unequal chance of being included in the
sample

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4.) Sample Size
How large a sample should be?

Sample size constrains:

depends on the nature of the analysis to be
performed
Desired precision of the estimates
Kind and number of comparisons
Number of variables that have to be examined
How heterogeneous a population is sampled.

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Determination of Sample size
Nature of population
-heterogeneous or homogenous
-dispersion variability
Number of variables to be studied
Nature of groups and sub-groups proposed
Nature of study (quantitative or qualitative)
-intensive & continuous or general survey
Type of sample
Intended depth of analysis

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Determination of Sample size
Precision and reliability
Level of non response
Available finance and other resources
Size of population
Nature of size of population
Size of questionnaire

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to be continue by….

MS. CHONA CASANOVA

ON DIFFERENT TYPE OF SAMPLING DESIGN

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