P

R P
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S S
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R Desain Bejana Tekan N
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T
V (The Design of Pressure Vessel) A
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P 2001 ASME
R BOILER AND PRESSURE VESSEL CODE
E
Q
S  consist of 9 sections U
S I
U SECTIONS C
R K
• I Rules for Construction of Power Boilers
E
• II Materials
– Part A — Ferrous Material Specifications S
V
E
– Part B — Nonferrous Material Specifications T
– Part C — Specifications for Welding Rods, Electrodes,
S and Filler Metals A
– Part D — Properties
S R
E T
L 2
P 2001 ASME
R BOILER AND PRESSURE VESSEL CODE
E
S SECTIONS
S • III Subsection NCA — General Requirements for Division 1
U and Division 2
R • III Division 1
– Subsection NC Subsection NB — Class 1 Components
E – — Class 2 Components
– Subsection ND — Class 3 Components
– Subsection NE — Class MC Components
V – Subsection NF — Supports
E – Subsection NG — Core Support Structures
S – Subsection NH — Class 1 Components in Elevated
Temperature Service
S – Appendices
E
L 3
P 2001 ASME
R BOILER AND PRESSURE VESSEL CODE
E SECTIONS
S
S • III Division 2 — Code for Concrete Reactor Vessels and
Containments
U • III Division 3 — Containment Systems for Storage and
Transport Packaging of Spent Nuclear Fuel
R and High Level Radioactive Material and Waste
E
• IV Rules for Construction of Heating Boilers

V • V Nondestructive Examination
E
• VI Recommended Rules for the Care and Operation of
S Heating Boilers
S
• VII Recommended Guidelines for the Care of Power Boilers
E
L 4
P 2001 ASME
R BOILER AND PRESSURE VESSEL CODE
E
S SECTIONS
S • VIII Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels
U - Division 1
R - Division 2 — Alternative Rules
- Division 3 — Alternative Rules for Construction of
E High Pressure Vessels

• IX Welding and Brazing Qualifications

V
E • X Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Pressure Vessels
S
• XI Rules for In service Inspection of Nuclear Power Plant
S Components
E
L 5
P
R Scope of ASME Code Section VIII
E
S  Section VIII used worldwide
S
U
R Objective:
E Minimum requirements for safe
V Construction and operation
E
S
Division 1, 2, and 3
S
E
L 6
P
R Section VIII Division 1
E
S ♦ 15 psig < P ≤ 3000 psig
S
U ♦ Applies through first connection to pipe
R
E
♦ Other exclusions
V ♦ Internals (except for attachment weld to vessel)
E ♦ Fired process heaters
S ♦ Pressure containers integral with machinery
S ♦ Piping systems
E
L 7
P Section VIII, Division 2,
R
E Alternative Rules
S  Scope identical to Division 1 but
S requirements differ in :
U Allowable stress
R Stress calculations
E Design
Quality control
V Fabrication and inspection
E
S Choice between Divisions 1 and 2 based
S on economics
E
L 8
P Division 3, Alternative Rules
R
E High Pressure Vessels
S  Applications over 10,000 psi
S
U
R Pressure from external source,
E process reaction, application of heat,
combination of these does not
V
E establish maximum pressure limits of
S Division 1 or 2 or minimum limits for
S Division 3.
E
L 9
P Structure of Section VIII,
R
E Division 1
S  Subsection A
S  Part UG applies to all vessels
U
 Subsection B
R
 Requirements based on fabrication method
E  Parts UW, UF, UB

V  Subsection C
E  Requirements based on material class
 Parts UCS, UNF, UHA, UCI, UCL, UCD,
S UHT,ULW, ULT
S  Mandatory and Non-mandatory Appendices
E
L 10
P
R Material Selection Factors
E
S  Strength
S
U  Corrosion Resistance
R
E
 Resistance to Hydrogen Attack
V
E  Fracture Toughness
S
S  Fabricability
E
L 11
P Maximum Allowable Stress
R
E
S  Stress: Force per unit area that resists loads
S induced by external forces
U
R  Pressure vessel components designed to keep
stress within safe operational limits
E
 Maximum allowable stress:
V  Includes safety margin
E  Varies with temperature and material
S
S  ASME maximum allowable stress tables for
permitted material specifications
E
L 12
P
Allowable Stress in Tension
R
for Carbon & Low Alloy Steel
E
S
S
U
R
E

V
E
S
S
E
L 13
P Allowable Stress in Tension
R
E for Carbon & Low Alloy Steel
S
S
U
R
E

V
E
S
S
E
L 14
P
Design Conditions
R
and Loadings
E
S  Determine vessel mechanical design
S
U  Design pressure and temperature,
R other loadings
E
 Possibly multiple operating scenarios to
V consider
E
S  Consider startup, normal operation,
S anticipated deviations, shutdown
E
L 15
P Additional Loadings
R
E
S  Weight of vessel and normal contents
S under operating or test conditions
U
R  Superimposed static reactions from weight
E of attached items (e.g., motors, machinery, other
vessels, piping, linings, insulation)
V
E  Loads at attached internal components or
S vessel supports
S
 Wind, snow, seismic reactions
E
L 16
P Additional Loadings, cont’d
R
E
S  Cyclic and dynamic reactions caused by pressure
S or thermal variations, equipment mounted on
U vessel, and mechanical loadings
R
E  Test pressure combined with hydrostatic weight

V  Impact reactions (e.g., from fluid shock)

E
S  Temperature gradients within vessel component
S and differential thermal expansion between
vessel components
E
L 17
P
R Weld Joint Categories
E
S
S
U
R
E

V
E
S
S
E
L 18
P
R Weld Joint Efficiencies
E
S
S
U
R
E

V
E
S
S
E
L 19
P Summary Of ASME
R
E Code Equations
S
S
U
R
E

V
E
S
S
E
L 20
P
R Sample Problem 1 - Solution
E
S
S
U
R
E

V
E
S
S
E
L 21
P Sample Problem 1 – Solution
R
E Cont’d
S
S
U
R
E

V
E
S
S
E
L 22
P Sample Problem 1 – Solution
R
E Cont’d
S
S
U
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E

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E
S
S
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L 23
P
R Sample Problem 1 – Solution
E Cont’d
S
S
U
R
E

V
E
S
S
E
L 24
P Sample Problem 1 – Solution
R
E Cont’d
S
S
U
R
E

V
E
S
S
E
L 25
P
Design For External Pressure
R
and Compressive Stresses
E
S • Compressive forces caused by dead weight, wind,
S earthquake, internal vacuum
U
R ♦ Can cause elastic instability (buckling)
E
♦ Vessel must have adequate stiffness
♦ Extra thickness , Circumferential stiffening rings, Material,
V Diameter, Un-stiffened length, Temperature, Thickness
E
S ♦ ASME procedures for cylindrical shells, heads,
conical sections
S
E
L 26
P
R Stiffener Rings
E
S
S
U
R
E

V
E
S
S
E
L 27
P
R Reinforcement of Openings
E
S  Simplified ASME rules –
S
U  Area replacement
R
E
 Metal used to replace that removed:
V  Must be equivalent in metal area
E  Must be adjacent to opening
S
S
E
L 28
P Cross Sectional View of
R
E Nozzle Opening
S
S
U
R
E

V
E
S
S
E
L 29
P
R Additional Reinforcement
E
S £ Necessary if insufficient excess thickness
S
U £ Must be located within reinforcement zone
R
E £ Allowable stress of reinforcement pad
should be ≥ that of shell or head
V
E £ Additional reinforcement sources
S £ Pad
S £ Additional thickness in shell or lower part of
E nozzle
L 30
P Flange Rating
R
E Based on ASME B16.5
S
S  Identifies acceptable pressure / temperature
U combinations
R
E  Seven classes (150, 300, 400, 600, 900, 1,500,
2,500)
V
 Flange strength increases with class number
E
S
 Material and design temperature combinations
S without pressure indicated not acceptable
E
L 31
P
R Pressure - Temperature Ratings
E
S
S
U
R
E

V
E
S
S
E
L 32
P Stresses in Flange Ring
R
E and Hub
S  Calculated using:
S
U  Stress factors (from ASME code)
R  Applied moments
E  Flange geometry

V
E  Calculated for:
S  Operating case
S  Gasket seating case
E
L 33
P Flange Design and
R
E In-Service Performance
S  Factors affecting design and performance
S
U
 ASME Code m and y parameters.
R
E
 Specified gasket widths.
V
E  Flange facing and nubbin width, w
S
S  Bolt size, number, spacing
E
L 34
P
R ASME Code m and y Factors
E
S
S
U
R
E

V
E
S
S
E
L 35
P Gasket Materials
R
E and Contact Facings
S
S
U
R
E

V
E
S
S
E
L 36
P Maximum Allowable
R
E Working Pressure (MAWP)
S
S ↔ Maximum permitted gauge pressure at top of vessel in
operating position for designated temperature
U
R ↔ MAWP ≥ Design Pressure

E ↔ Designated Temperature = Design Temperature

↔ Vessel MAWP based on weakest component

V ↔ Originally based on new thickness less corrosion allowance
E ↔ Later based on actual thickness less future corrosion allowance
needed
S
S
E
L 37
P
R Local Loads
E
S  Piping system
S
U
R  Platforms, internals, attached
E
equipment
V
E  Support attachment
S
S
E
L 38
P
R Types of Vessel Internals
E
S  Trays
S  Inlet Distributor
U
R  Anti-vortex baffle

E  Catalyst bed grid and support beams

 Outlet collector
V
E  Flow distribution grid
S
 Cyclone and plenum chamber system
S
E
L 39
P ASME Code and
R
E Vessel Internals
S  Loads applied from internals on vessel
S
U to be considered in design
R
E
 Welding to pressure parts must meet
V ASME Code
E
S
S
E
L 40
P Corrosion Allowance
R
E For Vessel Internals
S  Removable internals:
S
U CA = CA of shell
R  Costs less
E  Easily replaced

V
E  Non-removable internals:
S CA = 2 (CA of shell)
S  Corrosion occurs on both sides
E
L 41
P
R Post Weld Heat Treatment
E
S  Restores material properties
S
U
R  Relieves residual stresses
E

V  ASME Code PWHT requirements

E  Minimum temperature and hold time
S  Adequate stress relief
S
 Heat-up and cool-down rates
E
L 42
P
R Inspection and Testing
E
S Inspection includes examination of:
S
U  Base material specification and quality
R
E
 Welds
V
E  Dimensional requirements
S
S  Equipment documentation
E
L 43
P
R Weld Defects
E
S Presence of defects:
S
U
R  Reduces weld strength below that required
E
 Reduces overall strength of fabrication
V
E
 Increases risk of failure
S
S
E
L 44
P
R Types of NDE
E
S
S
U
R
E

V
E
S
S
E
L 45
P
R Pressure Testing
E
S Typically use water as test medium:
S
U
R  Demonstrates structural and mechanical
E integrity after fabrication and inspection

V  Higher test pressure provides safety

E margin
S
S
 PT = 1.5 P (Ratio)
E
L 46
P
R Pressure Testing, cont’d
E
S Hydrotest pressures must be calculated:
S  For shop test. Vessel in horizontal position.
U
R  For field test. Vessel in final position with un-corroded
component thicknesses.
E
 For field test. Vessel in final position and with corroded
component thicknesses.
V
E  PT ≤ Flange test pressure
S  Stress ≤ 0.9 (MSYS)
S
 Field test with wind
E
L 47
P
R
E
S
S
U
R End of Presentation
E

V Thank you
E
S
S
E
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