T H E C O N T E M P O R A RY W O R L D

GLOBALIZATION
THEORIES
Presented by Ma. Chrizel B. Miguel
Theory of Liberalism
What is LIBERALISM?

Liberalism is based on the moral argument that

ensuring the right of an individual person to life,
liberty and property is the highest goal of government.
Liberalism sees the process of globalisation as
market-led extension of modernisation. At the
most elementary level, it is a result of ‘natural’
human desires for economic welfare and political
liberty.
As such, transplanetary connectivity is derived
from human drives to maximise material well-
being and to exercise basic freedoms. These forces
eventually interlink humanity across the planet.
Theory of Political
Realism
Realism is an approach to the study and practice of
international politics. It emphasizes the role of the
nation-state and makes a broad assumption that all
nation-states are motivated by national interests, or, at
best, national interests disguised as moral concerns.
At its most fundamental level, the national interest is
generic and easy to define: all states seek to preserve
their political autonomy and their territorial integrity.
Theory of Marxism
Marxism is principally concerned with modes of
production, social exploi­tation through unjust
distribution, and social emancipation through the
transcendence of capitalism.
Marx's idea laid the groundwork for the theory and
practice of communism, which advocates for a
classless system in which all property and wealth are
communally (rather than privately) owned.
Theory of Constructivism
• Globalisation has also arisen because of the way that people have
mentally constructed the social world with particular symbols,
language, images and interpretation.
• Patterns of production and governance are second-order structures
that derive from deeper cultural and socio-psychological forces.
• Constructivists concentrate on the ways that social actors
‘construct’ their world: both within their own minds and through
inter-subjective communication with others.
Theory of Postmodernism
• Postmodernism is an approach that attempts to
define how society has progressed to an era beyond
modernity. Within this era individuals are more
likely to have a greater importance placed on
science and rational thought as traditional
metanarratives no longer provide a reasonable
explanation for postmodern life.
• The reigning structures of understanding determine
what can and cannot be known in a given socio-
historical context.