ADVANCE FIRE FIGHTING

1. PROSEDUR PEMADAMAN KEBAKARAN DI KAPAL

2. PERSIAPAN PERENCANAAN KEADAAN DARURAT
3. KOMPOSISI DAN PENEMPATAN PERSONIL UNTUK
PERAN PEMADAMAN KEBAKARAN

By : Dimas Pratama Y, S.SiT, MH

1. PROSEDUR PEMADAMAN KEBAKARAN DI KAPAL
THE THEORY OF COMBUSTION
(a fire needs 12%
oxygen to burn)
‘THE FIRE TRIANGLE’

•FUEL •OXYGEN
FIRE
STOP VENTILATION
CLOSE FIRE DOORS
CO, CO2 CLOSE DAMPERS AND
•HEAT FLAPS

BRING THE THREE SIDES TOGETHER,

IN THE RIGHT PROPORTIONS AND –
FIRE !!
 FIRE CLASSES
(IMO & EUROPEAN STANDARDS – EN2)
CLASS BURNING MATERIAL EXTINGUISHING
WOOD, PAPER, RAGS, COOLING WITH WATER
PACKING, DUNNAGE, ALSO ‘AFFF’ FOAM

OILS, DIESEL, PETROL, SMOTHERING WITH

PAINT, THINNERS, FOAM, ALSO DRY
GREASE POWDER AND CO2

LNG, LPG, BUTANE, ISOLATE THE SOURCE,

METHANE, DRY POWDER, CO2

POTASSIUM, SODIUM, SMOTHERING WITH

MAGNESIUM ‘SPECIAL’ DRY POWDERS

SMOTHERING/COOLING
FIRE WITH FATS AND WITH WET CHEMICAL
COOKING OILS - SAPONOFICATION -
 FIRE-EXTINGUISHING
AGENTS (MEDIA)
• WATER COOLING AGENT
• FOAM SMOTHERING & COOLING
• DRY
POWDER FLAME INHIBITOR
• CO² GAS FLAME INHIBITOR
• WET
CHEMICAL SMOTHERING
 CLASS ‘A’ FIRES CARBONACEOUS SOLIDS
A FIRE INVOLVING SOLID MATERIALS,
USUALLY OF AN ORGANIC NATURE WITH
THE FORMATION OF GLOWING EMBERS,
CAN BECOME ‘DEEP SEATED’ –
CLASS ‘A’ FIRES PRODUCE A LOT OF HEAT

POSSIBLY IN THE
ACCOMMODATION
• USE WATER TO EXTINGUISH - COOLING
• WATER – HIGH SURFACE TENSION – ADD
FOAM / DETERGENT (AFFF) METHOD – COOLING
• RE-IGNITION – (20% FIRE FIGHTING / 80% MEDIA – WATER
CHECKING – RE-IGNITION)
• SECRET BURNING – BEHIND BULKHEADS
• BACKDRAUGHT – DOOR OPENING
TECHNIQUES
• FREE SURFACE EFFECT - STABILITY
 WATER
• THE MAIN FIRE-FIGHTING MEDIUM
• ADVANTAGES –
AVAILABLE, COOLING EFFECT, SMOTHERING
ACTION OF STEAM
• DISADVANTAGES –
WATER DAMAGE, STABILITY PROBLEMS, DANGER
TO ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS, DANGER TO SOME
REACTIVE CARGOES, PRODUCTION OF HOT MOIST
ENVIRONMENTS FOR FIRE TEAMS
 CLASS ‘B’ FIRES

FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS

IMDG CODE
CLASS 3
 CLASS ‘B’ FIRES FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS

FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS THE IMDG CODE CLASSIFIES

FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS INTO TWO GROUPS – VOLATILE
AND NON-VOLATILE
METHOD – SMOTHERING
• FLASHPOINT MEDIA – FOAM, D/P, CO2

• ‘VOLATILE’ – FLASHPOINT BELOW 61°C (SOLAS 60)

• ‘NON-VOLATILE’ – FLASHPOINT OVER 61°C (SOLAS 60)

• USE FOAM TO EXTINGUISH – SMOTHERING.

(CO2 DRY POWDER, HALON - INHIBIT)
• CAN WE USE WATER ON CLASS ‘B’ FIRES?
YES – BUT ONLY AS A SPRAY, FOG OR MIST
FOAM MAKING EQUIPMENT

FOR LARGER CLASS ‘B’ FIRES

 LOW –
MEDIUM
EXPANSION
FOAM
HIGH EXPANSION
FOAM
CLASS ‘C’ FIRES FLAMMABLE GASES

FIRE INVOLVING FLAMMABLE GASES UNDER

PRESSURE, IN PIPES, TANKS, CONTAINERS,
AEROSOLS, ECT. CAN ALSO BE LIQUID POOL FIRES

• ISOLATE (STARVE) OR REMOVE THE SOURCE

(CYLINDER) BEFORE EXTINGUISHING
• USE DRY POWDER, CO2, TO EXTINGUISH,
ALSO WATER FOR COOLING
• ‘BLEVE’ METHOD – ISOLATE / STARVE
MEDIA – D/P, CO2, WATER
 FLAMMABLE
CLASS ‘D’ FIRES (REACTIVE) METALS

HIGHLY REACTIVE METALS SUCH AS POTASSIUM,

SODIUM, OR ALUMINIUM POWDER WOULD BE
CARRIED AS ‘HAZARDOUS’ GOODS WITH SPECIFIC
INSTRUCTIONS UNDER THE ‘IMDG’ CODE (REFER TO
IMDG AND MSDS FOR FIRE FIGHTING)
• USE SPECIAL DRY POWDERS TO EXTINGUISH -
SMOTHERING

• DEPENDING ON METAL TYPE – WATER, FOAM, CO2,

OR GENERAL PURPOSE DRY POWDERS MUST NOT BE
USED BECAUSE THEY MAY REACT VIOLENTLY
DEPENDING ON THE METAL TYPE

METHOD – SMOTHERING
MEDIA – ‘SPECIAL’ DRY POWDERS
 CLASS ‘F’ FIRES

INVOLVING FIRES WITH FATS AND

COOKING OILS (GALLEYS)
EXTINGUISHING IS WITH A ‘WET
CHEMICAL’ FIRE EXTINGUISHER

METHOD – SAPONIFICATION
MEDIA – WET CHEMICAL
ELECTRICAL HAZARDS
IN THE ‘EU’ SYSTEM, THERE IS NO CLASS ‘E’ FOR ELECTRICAL
FIRES. ELECTRICITY IS A HEAT SOURCE NOT A MATERIAL,
HOWEVER IF ELECTRICITY IS PRESENT…

• ISOLATE ELECTRICAL POWER (IF

POSSIBLE)
• CO2 – (PREFERED METHOD)
• DRY POWDER – UP TO 1000 VOLTS
(HALON – 100,000 VOLTS)
• AFFF (FOAM) CAN BE USED IN THE
VICINITY OF LIVE ELECTRICS UP TO
35.000 VOLTS
METHOD – ISOLATE POWER
MEDIA – CO2, D/P
FIRE EXTINGUISHERS – COLOUR CODES
WATER FOR USE ON CLASS
* ‘A’ FIRES
DRY POWDER FOR CLASS ‘ABC’(D)
AND ELECTRICAL
FOAM AND FOR CLASS ‘BF’ FIRES
CHEMICAL * (AFFF – CLASS ‘A’)
CO2 FOR CLASS ‘BC’ AND
ELECTRICAL
WET CHEMICAL FOR CLASS ‘F’ AND
( CLASS ‘A’ )
* DO NOT USE ON ELECTRICAL FIRES
FOAM
MONITORS
FOR FIGHTING LARGE SCALE
FIRES IN CARGO AREAS, ALSO
POSITIONED NEAR LOADING
MANIFOLDS

FOAM – OIL TANKERS

DRY POWDER – GAS
TANKERS WATER

WATER – TUGS / FIRE

BOATS
 • USED ON GALLEY FIRES

• ALSO FOR SMALL LIQUID FIRES

• CAN ALSO BE USED TO WRAP

AROUND A BURNING PERSON

• MADE FROM RAYON

OR PUT THE LID ON

Kapal Tanker terbakar
Proses pemadaman kapal
terbakar
ANY QUESTIONS ?

THE END
ORGANISASI DAN PELATIHAN PEMADAMAN KEBAKARAN.

2.Persiapan perencanaan keadaan darurat.

 Berdasarkan solas 1974,semua anak buah kapal,bahkan

semua yang berada diatas kapal untuk mengetahui

keadaan darurat diatas kapal,dianjurkan oleh hukum
keselamatan dilaut,bukan saja mengetahui melainkan
harus melatih diri bila kapal dalam keadaan darurat.
 Untuk itu setiap anak buah kapal harus mengetahui

posisi saat terjadi keadaan darurat,yaitu dengan

membaca dan memahami sijil kebakaran maupun sijil
sekoci.
 Sijil kebakaran maupun sijil sekoci harus ditempel pada

dinding dinding kapal yang mudah di lihat dan dibaca

misalnya pada :
 Dinding didekat salon makan perwira,bintara

maupun tamtama.
 Dinding di Engine Control Room(E C R ).
 Dinding di Bridge (Anjungan).

Pada kapal penumpang harus sering diadakan

latihan (Drill) kebakaran maupun latihan
sekoci,agar terbiasa dan menjadi terampil dalam
mengatasi keadaan darurat,Bunyi Alarm
kebakaran satu bunyi pendek disusul satu bunyi
panjang secara terus menerus( ● ─── ● ───
● ─── ● ─── ● ) sedang alarm sekoci adalah
tujuh bunyi pendek disusul satu bunyi panjang
secara terus menerus( ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ─── )
Setiap kapal berangkat selalu di tayangkan di
televisi televisi yang terpasang pada cabine
/kamar kamar kelas ,dan di kelas kelas
ekonomi,tayangan yang ditampilkanmengenai
bila kapal dalam keadaan darurat dan
bagaimana cara meninggalkan kapal,serta
bagaimana mengetahui letak baju penolong dan
cara memakai baju penolong yang benar
selanjutnya dengan mengikuti petunjuk lampu
lampu yang bergambar sekoci akan membawa
ke stasiun sekoci sekoci masing masing.
Anak buah kapal harus memahami tugas masing
masing sesuai sijil,serta setiap latihan letak
/posisi kebakaran harus di pindah- pindah
jangan hanya pada satu tempat/lokasi saja.
3.Komposisi dan penempatan personil untuk
peran kebakaran adalah sesuai dengan sijil
kebakaran. Contoh sijil kebakaran sbb :
NO. JABATAN POS/LOKASI URAIAN - TUGA
S
1. Mualim. I Mengkoordinasi
Pelaksanaan Pemadamam kebakaran.

2. Mualim.II Anjungan Menentukan posisi kapal.

3. Mualim.III Lokasi kebakaran Memimpin pemadaman
kebakaran dengan
air/busa.
4. K K M. Lokasi kebakaran Memimpin pemadaman
kebakaran dan
memerintah pemakaian alat pemadam
5. Masinis.I Kamar mesin Siap mengoperasikan
pompa yang diperlukan.
6. Masinis.II Kamar mesin Siap mengoperasikan alat
pemadam otomatis.
7. Masinis.III Lokasi kebakaran Membantu KKM siap
dengan pemadam
8. Juru mudi.I Anjungan Pegang kemudi.

9. Juru mudi.II Lokasi kebakaran Siapkan selang pemadam

air.
10. Juru mudi.III Lokasi kebakaran Siapkan pemadam botol
(busa)no.10.

11. Serang Lokasi kebakaran Siap melayani peyemprotan

air,siap botol pemadam dry chemical no.15.
12. Mandor mesin Lokasi kebakaran menutup pintu/jendela
kedap air.
13. R.O Kamar Radio Amankan Dokumen.
 EMERGENCY STATIONS

EMERGENCY PARTY STAND/BY FIRST AID PARTY

MUSTER STATION: POOP DECK
NO RANK
1 C/O
2 2/E
3 4/E
4 BSN
5 AB.1
6 OLR.1
7 FTR
8 DK.CDT1
9 ENG.CDT2
MUSTER STATION: POOP DECK
ASSINGED DUTIES SUB NO RANK ASSINGED DUTIES SUB
INCHARGE (DK FIRE), 2/E ASSIST DK PARTY 2/O 1 2/O INCHARGE, FIRE LINE ISOLATION V/V 3/O *
INCHARGE (E/R FIRE), C/O ASSIST E/R PARTY 3/E * 2 CH.COOK BRING STRECHER,STRECHER PARTY  
FIRE HOSE, FIRE EXTINGUISHER   3 MESSMAN FIRST AID BOX, FIRE BLANKET  
FIRE HOSE, FIRE EXTINGUISHER, AXE   4 AB.3 STRECHER PARTY, RESCUCIATOR  
ASSIST BSN, FIRE FIGHTER, FIRE SUIT,SCBA   5 OS STRECHER PARTY, ASSIST AS REQUIRED  
ASSIST 2/E, FIRE FIGHTER, FIRE SUIT,SCBA   6 OLR.2 STRECHER PARTY, ASSIST AS REQUIRED  
ASSIST 2/E, FIRE HOSE, FIRE EXTINGUISHER, FIRE LINE ISO V/V          
ASSIST C/O, FIRE HOSE, FIRE EXTINGUISHER          
(NA) ASSIST 2/E, FIRE HOSE, FIRE EXTINGUISHER                    

BRIDGE PARTY ENGINE ROOM PARTY RESCUE BOAT(MOB)PARTY

MUSTER STATION: BRIDGE MUSTER STATION: ECR  
NO RANK DUTIES SUB NO RANK DUTIES SUB NO RANK DUTIES SUB
INCOMMAND, CO-ORDINATING EMERGENCY
2/0*
1 MSTR STATION C/O 1 C/E INCHARGE, C02 SYSTEM 2/E * 1 C/0 INCHARGE

2 3/O * ASSIST MASTER MSTR 2 3/E ASSIST C/E. EMG'CY FIRE P/P 4/E * 2 3/E INCHARGE R/B ENGINE 4/E
LIGHTS (EMG), EXHAUST
3 AB.2 HELMSMAN / LOOK OUT   3 ELCT VENTS   3 BSN LOWERER  
ENG.CDT
4 DK.CDT2 (NA) ASSIST AS REQUIRED   4 1 ASSIST AS REQUIRED   4 AB.1 HELMSMAN  
5                      
                       
 

* Where rank is not onboard duties will be reassigned accordingly as per Masrter's Instructions

APPROVED BY :

December 5, 2014 RIAZ AKHTAR

DATE MASTER OF MV. SINAR KAPUAS

         

SAF19 – Emergency Instruction Card  

 
SEAT NUMBER AT  
RANK : MASTER 9
LIFEBOAT :  
     
SHIP : MV. SINAR KAPUAS
   
FIRE / EMERGENCY ALARM GENERAL EMERGENCY STATIONS ALARM  
     
 
CONTINUOUS SOUNDING OF THE ALARMS accompanied by SEVEN OR MORE SHORT BLASTS followed by ONE
FOUR LONG BLASTS on the ship’s whistle. LONG BLAST on the ship’s whistle, repeated on
the alarm system.  
       
FIRE/EMERGENCY STATIONS INSTRUCTIONS GENERAL EMERGENCY STATIONS INSTRUCTIONS  
       
INCOMMAND, CO-ORDINATING EMERGENCY
INCOMMAND, CO-ORDINATING EMERGENCY STATION
STATION  
       
         
ABANDON SHIP    
     
   
OVERALL COMMAND
   
MAN OVERBOARD    
     
     
The signal for MAN OVERBOARD WILL BE THREE LONG BLASTS on the ship’s whistle, repeated on the alarm system.
 
     
OIL POLLUTION CLEAN UP RESPONSE    
     
Crew, upon seeing or suspecting an oil spill, must immediately report it to the Watch Officer. Oil leakage will be
announced by all means available (general alarm, public address system, walkie-talkies etc).  
     
When the Emergency Alarm sounds, crew must report to their Emergency Stations from where they will be sent to assist
the Oil Pollution Control Officer as directed.  
     
Strategi dan taktik untuk menguasai kebakaran dalam berbagai tempat
diatas kapal:

 Mengetahui dan menguasai lokasi terjadinya

kebakaran.
 Menyiapkan Regu pemadam kebakaran
 Mengetahui jenis kebakaran .
 Mengetahui alat pemadaman yang akan digunakan.
 Mengetahui cara pemadaman yang benar.
 Mengetahui cara mengevakuasi bila terjadi korban.