Research Methodology

MRS. SUKRUTI KAULGUD

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What is Research
Research is generally referred as search for knowledge

Research is a systematic search on a particular topic

Research is an art of scientific investigation

Research is a voyage of discovery

Research is original contribution to the existing stock of knowledge making for its advancement

The purpose of research is to discover answers to questions through the applications of scientific
procedures

The main aim of the research is to find out the truth which is hidden and which is not been
discovered as yet
Types of Research
Research Methodology
Is a way to solve the research problem

Scientific approach of research development

Logic is considered

Methodology is designed by a researcher on the basis of

assumptions, techniques etc

Differ from problem to problem

The process of Research

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5

4 3

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Difference between
Methodology and Methods
A research methodology is concerned with the systematic approach to
solving a research problem by applying appropriate research methods. A
clear research methodology is important for the consistency and accuracy
of the outcome produced by the research methods.

Research methods are a small part of the whole research methodology

process. Research methods are used to find a solution to the research
problem. Research methods are the primary course to conduct research,
and research methodology is all about the utilization of research methods.
SWOC Analysis
SWOC analysis is a strategic planning method used to research external and
SWOC
SWOCanalysis isisaastrategic
analysiswhich strategicplanning
planning method
method used totoresearch external and
internal factors affect project success andused
growthresearch external and
internal
internalfactors
factorswhich
whichaffect
affectproject
projectsuccess
successand
andgrowth
growth

SWOC
SWOCanalysis
analysisisisrelevant
relevanttotoSWOT
SWOTanalysis.
analysis.SWOT
SWOTexamines
examinesstrengths,
strengths,
SWOC analysis
weaknesses, and is relevant to SWOT
opportunities. But it analysis.
focuses SWOT
on examines
threats rather strengths,
than challenges.
weaknesses,
weaknesses, and opportunities. But it focuses on threats rather thanchallenges.
and opportunities. But it focuses on threats rather than challenges.

This
Thistechnique
techniqueenables
enables group
grouptotogogothrough
throughallallthe
theaspects
aspectsofofproject
projectand
andprepare
prepare
This technique enables
strategy accordingly. group to go through all the aspects of project and prepare
strategy
strategyaccordingly.
accordingly.
SWOC Analysis
SWOC is an Acronym for
Internal • Strengths
Environment • Weaknesses

External • Opportunities
Environment • Challenges
SWOC T&P Cell
Strengths Weaknesses
Scattered focus/ Involved in
Good corporate relations
unrelated activities

Every year 30+ companies visited Shortage of aptitude trainers

Placed almost all eligible Shortage of corporate

students communication executives
Team of trained and qualified
Poor infrastructure of T&P cell
trainers
SWOC T&P Cell
Opportunities Challenges
Poor university syllabus leads to
Competitors go weak
poor technical skills
Boom in IT, ITES, Manufacturing, Digital
Marketing and other sectors Meeting HR’s expectations

Exit interview policy by university Develop Entrepreneurs

Government tie up with institutes for Attitude of students towards their

evaluation and placement of students career
Strengths
Prepare Action Plan
Things that must be addressed immediately

Things that can be handled now

Things that should be researched further

Things that should be planned for the future

5W1H Model
5W1H is the abbreviation summarizing the following six questions: What? Who? Where?
When? Why? How?

This method consists of asking a systematic set of questions to collect all the data necessary
to draw up a report of the existing situation with the aim of identifying the true nature of the
problem and describing the context precisely

Better knowledge of all the dimensions of a problem will then make it possible to suggest
appropriate measures to take the right corrective actions
 5W1H Model
• It asks the question as to what needs to be improved. What would be the improvement
What
help to achieve and what should be done.

Where • Where this project is applicable? Where it can be used?

• It addresses issues regarding the sequence of operation, its period and time. Why it should
When
be performed and at what time. Would changing the timeline make execution better?
• It refers to who needs to address the issue or be responsible for implementing the solution.
Who It refers to task assignment, collaboration, and manpower. Who all have addressed this
issue?
• It refers to how a procedure or method should be changed, whether a method requires
How
less expense or proficiency; whether its procedure needs to be replaced with a better one.
• Here one can ponder over everything; from the problem being perceived to the
Why
approaches having been discussed on how to solve it and improve upon the same.
 5W1H Model (To solve a problem)
What • Description of the problem

Where • The location of the problem

• Temporal characteristics of the problem (at what point in

When
time, how often)

Who • The responsible parties

How • The effects of the problem?

Why • Reasons, cause of the problems?

Advantages of 5W1H Model
Simple: no need for training or people accredited in the method to successfully
ask these questions.

Systematic: the key to success is to always ask all the questions, each and every
time.

Versatile: it can be used equally well to design a new process as to implement a

corrective measure.

Comprehensive: the method can be used to obtain a 360° view of the problem
and detect the route to resolution.
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Survey

What • A "survey" can be anything from a short paper-and-pencil

feedback form to an intensive one-on-one in-depth interview.

• Researchers conduct survey to find out information

Why • A limited number of people are surveyed who become a

representation of a larger group
• Researchers then draw conclusions about that lager group
Steps and tasks in conducting survey
Planning

Sampling

Construction of Questionnaire

Data Collection
Steps and tasks in conducting survey
Translation of data

Analysis

Conclusion

Reporting
Modes of survey
In-Person Interviews

Telephone interviews

Mailed Questionnaires

Online Questionnaires
Questionnaire [1]:
Question: How many cups of coffee or tea do you drink in a day?
Principle: Ask for an answer in only one dimension.
Solution: Separate the question into two –
(1) How many cups of coffee do you drink during a typical day?
(2) How many cups of tea do you drink during a typical day?

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Questionnaire [2]:
Question: What brand of computer do you own?
(A) IBM PC
(B) Apple
Principle: Avoid hidden assumptions. Make sure to accommodate all possible answers.
Solution:
(1) Make each response a separate dichotomous item
Do you own an IBM PC? (Circle: Yes or No)
Do you own an Apple computer? (Circle: Yes or No)
(2) Add necessary response categories and allow for multiple responses.
What brand of computer do you own? (Circle all that apply)
Do not own computer
IBM PC
Apple
Other

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Questionnaire [3]:
Question: Have you had pain in the last week?
[ ] Never [ ] Seldom [ ] Often [ ] Very often
Principle: Make sure question and answer options match.
Solution: Reword either question or answer to match.
How often have you had pain in the last week?
[ ] Never [ ] Seldom [ ] Often [ ] Very Often

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Questionnaire [4]:
Question: Are you against drug abuse? (Circle: Yes or No)
Principle: Write questions that will produce variability in the
responses.
Solution: Eliminate the question.

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Questionnaire [5]:
Question: Which one of the following do you think increases a person’s chance of
having a heart attack the most? (Check one.)
 [ ] Smoking [ ] Being overweight [ ] Stress
Principle: Encourage the respondent to consider each possible response to avoid the
uncertainty of whether a missing item may represent either an answer that does not
apply or an overlooked item.
Solution: Which of the following increases the chance of having a heart attack?
Smoking: [ ] Yes [ ] No [ ] Don’t know
Being overweight: [ ] Yes [ ] No [ ] Don’t know
Stress: [ ] Yes [ ] No [ ] Don’t know

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Questionnaire [6]:
Question:
(1) Do you currently have a life insurance policy? (Circle: Yes or No)
If no, go to question 3.
(2) How much is your annual life insurance premium?
Principle: Avoid branching as much as possible to avoid confusing
respondents.
Solution: If possible, write as one question.
How much did you spend last year for life insurance? (Write 0 if none).

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Today’s Task
Prepare only three slides

1. Pictorial view of SWOC analysis of your project

2. Pictorial view of 5W1H model of your project

3. 3 to 5 survey questions related to your project

Thank You
SWOC analysis is a strategic planning method used to research external
and internal factors which affect project success and growth

SWOC analysis is relevant to SWOT analysis. SWOT examines strengths,

weaknesses, and opportunities. But it focuses on threats rather than
challenges.

This technique enables group to go through all the aspects of project

and prepare strategy accordingly.